Schizophrenia

Question 1

Positive symptoms

Answer 1

hallucinations, delusions

Question 2

Negative symptoms

Answer 2

speech poverty, avolition

Question 3

Reliability of diagnosis

Answer 3

level of agreement of diagnosis by diff psychiatrists across time + culture, stability of diagnosis over time given no change in symptoms.

Question 4

Types of reliability

Answer 4

Test-retest Reliability = diagnosis same on separate visits
Inter-rater reliability = 2 diff clinicians make same diagnosis

Question 5

Reliability of diagnosis Evidence

Answer 5

Jakobsen - tested reliability of ICD 10 classif system in diagnosis. 100 Danish patients w history of psychosis assessed, concordance rate of 98% obtained, high reliability of clinical diagnosis of schiz using updated classif.
Cheniaux - 2 psych independently diagnosed 100 people w DSM + ICD criteria, poor inter-reliability

Question 6

Validity of diagnosis (types)

Answer 6

Predictive - correctly predict likely prognosis of illness
Criterion - do diff assessment systems arrive at same diagnosis for same person e.g manuals
Aetiological - for diagnosis to be valid, all patients diagnosed as schiz should have same cause for their diagnosis

Question 7

Co-morbidity + e.g

Answer 7

occurrence of 2+ conditions occurring together.
Buckley - 50% depression, 47% substance abuse , 29% PTSD, 23% OCD

Question 8

Symptom overlap

Question 9

Cultural Bias

Answer 9

tendency to overdiagnosed members of ethnic groups

Question 10

Cultural Bias Evidence

Answer 10

rack - cultural belief (pos symptoms may be more acceptable in certain cultures)
African Americans+ English people of afro Caribbean origin r several times more likely than white people to be diagnosed

Question 11

for whi Gender Bias

Answer 11

tendency to ignore/exaggerate in men + women. women respond better to meds cause typically to have