Schizophrenia Flashcards
Difference between positive and negative symptoms
Positive: presence of abnormal behavior
Negative: absence of normal behaviors
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia (4)
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized behaviors
Negative symptoms of sz
- flat affect
- poverty of speech
- catatonia
Negative symptoms of sz (3)
- flat affect
- poverty of speech
- catatonia
Disorganized symptoms of sz (5)
- overinclusion
- paralogic
- word salad
- neologisms
- inappropriate affects expressed
Some hypotheses about the causes of sz
- prenatal viral infection
- maternal stress during pregnancy
- oxygen deprivation during birth
- xs/deficits in NTs (DA, glutamate, 5-HT)
- flu season (seasonal effect)
Subtypes of sz (5)
- paranoid
- disoragnized
- catatonic
4 undifferentiated: many symptoms, don’t fit into 1 of the previous 3 - residual: low intensity positive symptoms
What are the main sensory hallucinations of sz patients?
Auditory; voices telling them to cause harm
Define overinclusion (sz)
Jumping from idea to idea w/o logical association
Define paralogic
Seems logical on the surface but is actually seriously flawed
Define word salad (sz)
Stringing words together that make no sense when said together
What are neologisms?
A newly invented word
What is schizophrenia most commonly known for?
Psychosis, auditory hallucinations, usually voices inside one’s head about harm to self or others
Some points about sz and genetics
- sz risk increases w/ genetic similarity
- identical twins have >40% chance of developing it if 1 has it
- children of 1 sz parent have 13% chance of developing it
What is the dopamine theory of sz and what evidence is there?
- The theory that sz is caused by excess dopamine
- Evidence that increase in DA release is correlated with change in positive symptoms
- Evidence that sz patients have higher DA release than controls
