Research and Design

Question 1

List all the research designs

Answer 1

• case studies
• correlational studies
• experimental designs

Question 2

Facts about case studies

Answer 2

• single subject research design

- not scientifically valid

Question 3

When are correlational studies most used?

Answer 3

When it’s the last resort (due to ethics usually)

Question 4

In terms of correlation define a. positive, b. negative, c. strong relationship

Answer 4

a. when one variable goes up, so does the other
b. when one variable goes up, the other goes down
c. both variables are close to the best fit line

Question 5

Meaning of the correlation coefficients

Answer 5

0.00 = no relationship
\+1.00 = perfect positive relationship
-1.00 = perfect negative relationship

Question 6

3 special forms of correlational studies

Answer 6

1. epidemiological studies: reveal incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population
   * incidence: # of new cases in a given period
   * prevalence: # of total cases in a given period
2. longitudinal studies: patients are studied over a long period of time
3. cross-sectional study: different groups compared at once

Question 7

3 planes of brain dissections

Answer 7

1. coronal (frontal), can see butterfly in center of brain
2. saggital, split brain b/w 2 hemispheres
3. horizontal, split brain into top and bottom

Question 8

Non-invasive brain measurements

Answer 8

CT, MRI, PET scan, EEG, fMRI

Question 9

CT

Answer 9

• can see soft tissue
• can’t determine function
• can be horizontal/frontal/saggital
• used to diagnose muscle and bone disorders

Question 10

MRI

Answer 10

• uses magnetic and radio imaging to see tissue and bones
• more expensive, used less
• can’t determine function

Question 11

PET scan

Answer 11

• positron emission topography
• cells perceive FDG (fake glucose) as glucose, the FDG is radio labeled so we can see function
• used to detect ability of cancerous cells to move

Question 12

EEG

Answer 12

• electroencephalogram
• measures electrical activity
• can help diagnose epilepsy and sleep disorders

Question 13

fMRI

Answer 13

• can detect abnormalities that other scans probably can’t

- functional

Question 14

What is an animal model?

Answer 14

Help us understand biological mechanisms and consequences for behavior and disease

Question 15

Porsolt forced swim test

Answer 15

forcing a rat to swim to determine learned helplessness (core of depression)

Question 16

Elevated plus maze

Answer 16

placing rats on an elevated surface with places to easily fall, helps to determine the effects of anti-anxiety drugs or alcohol

Question 17

6 categories of assessment tests

Answer 17

Projective, personality, response inventories, psychophysiological, neurological, & IQ

Question 18

Projective tests

Answer 18

• responses to abstract stimuli
• Inkblot/Rorschach test
• Thematic Apperception test

Question 19

Personality tests

Answer 19

• Myers Briggs

- MMPI

Question 20

Psychophysiological tests

Answer 20

-polygraphs

Question 21

Neuropsychological tests

Answer 21

• speed, memory, attention, focus, flexibility
• Mental Status Exam (MSE)
• Stroup Test