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Year 3 Exams: Psychiatry > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychosis?

A

Inability to distinguish between symptoms of hallucination, delusion and disordered thinking from reality?

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2
Q

Psychosis is characterised by one or more of?

A

Thought Form Disorder
Delusions
Hallucinations

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3
Q

Delusions present how in Acute Organic Brain Syndrome/Delirium? (3)

A

Persuectory and Evanscent
Fluctate
Worse at Night

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4
Q

Depressive Episode with Psychotic Syndrome present (1)

A

Deregatory Auditory Hallucination

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5
Q

Which drug has been shown to modify course of established schizophrenic illness?

A

Cannabis

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6
Q

What form of cannabis has doubled risk of developing schizophrenia?

A

Skunk

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7
Q

Where are there brain changes in Schizophrenia? (3)

A

Frontal Lobes
Hippocampus
Ventricles

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8
Q

The NMDA Receptor does what in Schizophrenia?

A

Hypofunction

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9
Q

What happens to Gaba Signalling in Schizophrenia?

A

Impairment

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10
Q

Which neurotransmitter is most implicated in Schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

What happens to the MesoLimbic Pathaway in Schizophrenia?

A

DA Overactivity with Pos Symptoms

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12
Q

What happens to the Mesocortical Pathway in Schizophrenia?

A

DA Underactivity with Neg Symptoms

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13
Q

What happens to the Nigrostriatal Pathway in Schziophrenia?

A

D2 Blockade by Antipsychotics associated with Parkinsons

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14
Q

What happens to Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine Pathway in Schizophrenia?

A

D2 Blockade by Antipsychotic which leads to Increased Prolactin Levels

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15
Q

Psychosis affects how many people per 100?

A

1 per 100

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16
Q

Schizophrenia affects which gender most?

A

Both Equal

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17
Q

Age of onset of Schizophrenia?

A

15-35

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18
Q

Age of onset in men for Schizophrenia?

A

28

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19
Q

Age of onset for females for Schizophrenia?

A

32

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20
Q

Type of Hallucinations in Schizophrenia?

A

3rd Person Auditory

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21
Q

What 3 Symptoms are Positive Schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disordered Thinking

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22
Q

What 3 Symptoms are Negative Schizophrenia

A

Apathy
Lack of interest
Lack of emotions

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23
Q

Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia?

A

Impaired Attention
Memory
Executive Function

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24
Q

Name Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia (7)

A 
Thought Broadcasting
Thought Withdrawal
Delusional Perception
Auditory Hallucinations
Delusions of Control
Passive Phenomena
Somatic Passivity
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25
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

Thoughts being taken from head by some external force or person

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26
Q

What is delusional perception?

A

A delusion which arises because of completley unrelated happening in external reality

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27
Q

What is somatic passivity?

A

Delusion that some external force is causing physical sensations which may be hallucinations

28
Q

ICD 10 Classification of Schizophrenia?

A

More than a month in absence of organic or affective disorder

29
Q

Chromosome 8p is related to what genes in Schizophrenia?

A

Neuregulin

30
Q

Chromosome 6p is related to what genes in Schizophrenia?

31
Q

What genetic heart condition is related to Schizophrenia?

A

Digeorge Syndrome

32
Q

If an identical twin has Schizophrenia, what is the chances of the other twin getting schizophrenia?

A

50/50 (1 in 2)

33
Q

If a non identical twin has Schizophrenia, what is the chances of the other twin getting schizophrenia?

34
Q

If 1 parent has schizophrenia what is the chance of getting Schizophrenia?

35
Q

What is the Dopamine Hypothesis in Schizophrenia”

A

Increased Level of Dopamine in Brain

36
Q

What Gynae factors can contribute to Schizophrenia? (4)

A

Obstetric Complications
Maternal Influenza
Malnutrition
Winter Birth

37
Q

Typical Age of Onset in Schizophrenia in Males?

A

Onset Age 23

38
Q

Typical Age of Onset in Schizophrenia in Females?

A

Onset Age 26

39
Q

Population Based Twin Studies have estimated heritability in Schizophrenia as high as?

40
Q

What percentage of patients with Schizophrenia experience ventricular enlargement?

41
Q

What happens to frontal lobe performance in Schizophrenia?

42
Q

How to treat first episode of psychosis?

A

Antipsychotic medication

43
Q

What treatment for treatment resistance schizophrenia?

44
Q

What typical antipsychotics can be used in schizophrenia (3)

A

Olanzapine
Risperidone
Clozapine

45
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects of typical antipsychotics?

A

Parkinisonism

Acute Dystonia

46
Q

What typical antipsychotic can reduce risk of suicide?

47
Q

Side effects of Clozapine (5)

A 
Neutropenia
Seizures
Idiopathic Hyperthermia
Weight Gain
Hypersalivation
48
Q

Psychiatric Drugs can cause what 4 syndromes?

A

Obesity
Weight Gain
Diabetes
Metabolic Syndrome

49
Q

Clozapine/Olanzapine can cause average of what weight gain in first 10 weeks of treatment?

50
Q

How often to record BMI on Clozapine/Olanzapine?

A

Every 6 months

51
Q

People with Schizophrenia are at increased risk of what endocrine condition?

52
Q

Which typical antipsychotics can cause insulin resistance?

A

Clozapine and Olanzapine

53
Q

Side Effects of Anti-Psychotics? (2)

A

Hyperprolactinaemia

QTC Prolongation = Torsades de Pointes

54
Q

QTC Prolongation in Antipsychotics can cause what?

A

Torsade de Pointes

55
Q

Important tests to do before starting Antipsychotics? (2)

56
Q

Causes of Hyperprolactinaemia? (4)

A

Galactorrhoea
Menstrual Irregularities
Sexual dysfunction
Osteoporosis

57
Q

Good Prognostic Factors of Schizophrenia? (3)

A

No family history
Prompt Treatment
Good Relationships

58
Q

Suicide risk is how much higher in schizophrenia?

A

9 Times higher

59
Q

What percentage of substance misuse patients have schizophrenia?

60
Q

Only way to diagnose Schizophrenia?

A

History Taking

61
Q

Metabolic Syndrome is a Syndrome of (4)

A

Obesity
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism

62
Q

Metabolic syndrome is how much more common in people with serious mental illness?

63
Q

BP is what in Metabolic Syndrome

64
Q

Serum HDL Cholesterol in Metabolic Syndrome is what in males and what in females?

A

> 1.04 Males

>1.29 Female

65
Q

Serum Triglyceride in Metabolic Syndrome is what?

66
Q

Fasting Glucose in Metabolic Syndrome is what?

67
Q

Waist Circumference is what in Males and What in Females?

A

> 102cm (Male)

>88cm (Female)

Year 3 Exams: Psychiatry (29 decks)

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