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mental health > schizophrenia > Flashcards

schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Define psychosis

A

a form of severe mental disturbance where the individual loses touch with reality

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2
Q

Schneider 1st Rank symptoms

A

ABCD:

  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Broadcasting of thoughts
  • Controlled thoughts (delusions of control)
  • Delusional perception
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3
Q

Positive/hard symptoms

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Bizarre behaviour
  • Flight of ideas
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4
Q

Negative/soft symptoms

A
  • Lack of facial expression (flat effect)
  • Lack of pleasure (anhedonia)
  • Lack of drive & energy (apathy)
  • Lack of interest (avolitional)
  • Lack of speech (alogia)
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5
Q

Types of delusional disorder

A
  • Erotomania (stalkers)– believe that ppl are in love with them
  • Paranoia
  • Persecutory – usually comes from govt. or ppl with power
  • Grandiose – believe that they are powerful
  • Somatic – believe that they have alot of medical problems
  • Morbid jealousy
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6
Q

Desc of schizoaffective disorder

A
  • Major depressive episode + type A symptoms
  • Delusions or hallucinations occur for at least 2 weeks
  • The disturbance is NOT due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance eg. illicit drugs
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7
Q

Factors of schrizophrenia

A

1) Genetic
Eg. Unrelated: 0.86% chance
Children of 2 affected parents: 46.3%

2) Environmental
- Maternal viral infection / malnutrition
- Obstetric issues (using recreational drugs)
- Substance use especially cannabis
- Poverty

3) Brain structure & chemistry
- Associated with some imbalance of certain chemical sy

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8
Q

What can very high dose of Amphetamine cause?

A
  • paranoia
  • delusions
  • auditory hallucinations
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9
Q

What block D2 receptors & alleviate positive/hard symptoms?

A

Phenothiazines (incl. chlorpromazine) & all other typical neuroleptics

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10
Q

Examples of 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Thorazine, Fluanxol & Haloperidol

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11
Q

Functions of 1st gen antipsychotics

A
  • Effectively control +ve symptoms

- Primarily block dopamine receptors

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12
Q

Side effects of 1st gen antipsychotics

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Constipation
  • Rigidity
  • Tremors
  • Restlessness
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness

Usually disappear a few weeks after patient starts treatment

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13
Q

Late-appearing side effect of 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Tardive dyskinesia

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14
Q

Examples of 2nd gen antipsychotics

A
  • Abilify (aripiprazole)
  • Risperdal (risperidone)
  • Zyprexa (olanzapine)
  • Seroquel (quetiapine)
  • Clozaril (clozapine)
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15
Q

Functions of 2nd gen antipsychotics

A
  • 1st line treatment

- excellent at reducing -ve symptoms

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16
Q

Side effects of 2nd gen antipsychotics

A
  • weight gain

- drowsiness

17
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) desciption

A
  • Usually for treatment resistant
  • Effective for acute schizophrenia, mania & depression
  • Safe
  • Administered under a light general anesthesia
18
Q

Desired outcomes of treatment of schrizophrenia

A
  • ↓ frequency of hallucinations & delusions
  • Ability to recognise hallucinations or delusional thoughts
  • More logical & reality-based thought processes
  • Improved ability to concentrate
  • Improved ability to interact with others
  • Appropriate mood
19
Q

Overall aim in managing schizophrenic patients

A

SAFETY in ALL settings (home; hospital/ community)

20
Q

___ in every 100 people suffer from schizophrenia

A

1

21
Q

____ out of 4 cases begins between ages ___ and ___ years.

A

3;

ages 17-25

22
Q

Only 1 criterion A symptom is required for the diagnostic criteria if:

A
  • Delusions are bizarre
  • Hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behaviour or
    thoughts
  • 2 or more voices conversing with each other.
23
Q

Difference btw +ve and -ve symptoms

A
  • positive symptoms are often episodic, with rapid onset and remission
  • while negative symptoms typically are stable and enduring phenomena
24
Q

Explain the theory of dopamine hypothesis

A

Argues that the unusual behaviour and experiences associated with schizophrenia (sometimes extended to psychosis in general) can be fully or largely explained by changes in dopamine function in the brain.

25
Q

Desc schizophreniform disorder

A
  • presence of criterion A symptoms, incl. delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, and -ve symptoms
  • lasts > 1 month but < 6 months
26
Q

Desc schizoaffective disorder

A
  • uninterrupted period of illness occurs which a MDE, a manic episode or a mixed episode occurs w symptoms that meet criterion A . the MDE must incl. criterion A
  • delusions/ hallucinations occur for at least 2 weeks
  • disturbance is not due to the direct physiologic effects of. substance eg. illicit drugs
27
Q

Desc delusional disorder

A
  • non bizarre delusions in the absence of other mood or psychotic symptoms
  • delusion may be persecutory, erotomanic, grandiose, etc
  • psychosocial functioning is not markedly impaired, and behaviour is not obviously odd or bizarre
28
Q

List the type A diagnostic characteristics and describe.

A

(2 or more of the following, each significant for a 1 month period):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech (eg. frequent derailment or incoherence)
- Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
Note: Only 1 type A symptom is required if delusions/hallucinations are bizarre

mental health (14 decks)

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