psychoparmaco ver 2 Flashcards
What does potency of a drug refer to?
does NOT refer to how effective a drug is, but only to how much of a drug must be taken for it to reach optimal efficacy
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few egs.
Postural hypotension, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, difficulty urinating (urinary retention), increased ocular pressure, constipation, arrhythmia, tachycardia
Low potency anti-psychotics
Largactil
What type of antipsychotic has the most extrapyramidal side effects? And give eg
High potency drug
EG.
- Haloperidol: Haldol
- Trifluoperazine: Stelazine
- Fluphenazine / Modecate
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few egs.
acute dystonia (oculogyric crisis), akathisia, akinesia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
High potency anti-psychotics
Haloperidol
Stelazine
Fluphenazine
Treatments of EPSE
- IM Cogentin: Benztropine
- Tab Artane: Trihexyphenidyl
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
What are 2nd gen/atypical drugs effective for?
-ve/soft symptoms
Clozapine/clozaril may develop _____
agranulocytosis
Olanzapine may develop _____
weight gain or even type 2 DM
Antidepressants (increase/decrease) norepinephrine and serotnin?
increase
What is often used for 1st line drug in depression?
And give eg.
SSRIs
Eg.
- Fluoxetine
- Sertraline HCL
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few egs.
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, insomnia, headache, weight loss
SSRIs
Luvox Prozax Paxil Sertraline HCL Citalopram
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few egs.
orthostatic hypotension, abnormal heart rate, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, vertigo, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting
MAOIs
Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
What can cause hypertensive crisis?
Wrong drug & food interactions (with MAOIs)
Side effects of hypertensive crisis + late signs
elevation of diastolic & systolic BP, palpitations, stiff neck, radiating headache, diaphoresis, pupils dilation, intracranial bleeding
late signs: confusion, convulsion, coma
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few eg
slurred speech, hand tremor, poor memory, severe nausea, polyuria, thirst, risk of hypothyroidism, ECG changes, leukocytosis
Anticonvulsant- Li carbonate
What drug blocks the nero-sodium channel and calms neurons?
Anticonvulsant: Carbamazepine
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few eg
dizziness, sedation, headache, confusion, nausea, dry mouth, constipation
Anticonvulsant- Carbamazepine
What type of drug enhances serotonergic & reduces dopaminergic actions?
Anticonvulsant:
Sodium valproate/ valproic acid
What type of drug causes these S.E? And give a few eg
sedation, tremor, headaches, visual disturbances, tinnitus, agitation, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, heartburn
Anticonvulsant– Sodium valproate/ valproic acid
Treatment options for insomnia (5 options)
- Short acting BZP: Triazolam (Halicon)
- Intermediate acting BZP: Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Long acting BZP: Diazepam (Valium)
- Novel non-BZP: Buspirone (BuSpar)
- Sedating antihistamine: Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride (Atarax)
Instruct patient NOT to use ______ together with alcohol
anxiolytics
Signs of tardive diskinesia (at least 6)
- frowning
- lip smacking
- puckering
- sticking out tongue
- rapid movements in the arms, legs
- disfigured facial features such as drooping of the mouth of eyes
- rapid blinking
- difficulty breathing
- difficulty swallowing
- difficulty speaking
What is the most severe form of EPSE?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Hyperpyrexia (41 degrees) fever
- Unstable BP
- Stupor; muscle rigidity
- Alteration in consciousness (delirium or agitation)
- Elevated blood creatinine phosphokinase
- Profuse diaphoresis
- Urinary incontinence
- Acute renal failure
