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mental health > psychopharmaco > Flashcards

psychopharmaco Flashcards

1
Q

What does potency of a drug refer to?

A

does NOT refer to how effective a drug is, but only to how much of a drug must be taken for it to reach optimal efficacy

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2
Q

What are the side effects of low potency anti-psychotics?

A

Postural hypotension, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, difficulty urinating (urinary retention), increased ocular pressure, constipation, arrhythmia, tachycardia

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3
Q

What type of antipsychotic has the most extrapyramidal side effects? And give eg

A

High potency drug

EG.

  • Haloperidol: Haldol
  • Trifluoperazine: Stelazine
  • Fluphenazine / Modecate
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4
Q

What are the side effects of high potency anti-psychotics?

A

acute dystonia (oculogyric crisis), akathisia, akinesia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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5
Q

Treatments of EPSE

A
  1. IM Cogentin: Benztropine
  2. Tab Artane: Trihexyphenidyl
  3. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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6
Q

What are 2nd gen/atypical drugs effective for?

A

-ve/soft symptoms

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7
Q

Clozapine/clozaril may develop _____

A

agranulocytosis

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8
Q

Olanzapine may develop _____

A

weight gain or even type 2 DM

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9
Q

Antidepressants (increase/decrease) norepinephrine and serotnin?

A

increase

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10
Q

What is often used for 1st line drug in depression?

And give eg.

A

SSRIs

Eg.

  • Fluoxetine
  • Sertraline HCL
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11
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, insomnia, headache, weight loss

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12
Q

Side effects of MAOIs

A

orthostatic hypotension, abnormal heart rate, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, vertigo, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

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13
Q

What can cause hypertensive crisis?

A

Wrong drug & food interactions (with MAOIs)

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14
Q

Side effects of hypertensive crisis + late signs

A

elevation of diastolic & systolic BP, palpitations, stiff neck, radiating headache, diaphoresis, pupils dilation, intracranial bleeding

late signs: confusion, convulsion, coma

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15
Q

Side effects of Li carbonate

A

slurred speech, hand tremor, poor memory, severe nausea, polyuria, thirst, risk of hypothyroidism, ECG changes, leukocytosis

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16
Q

What drug blocks the nero-sodium channel and calms neurons?

A

Anticonvulsant: Carbamazepine

17
Q

Side effects of Carbamazepine

A

dizziness, sedation, headache, confusion, nausea, dry mouth, constipation

18
Q

What type of drug enhances serotonergic & reduces dopaminergic actions?

A

Anticonvulsant:

Sodium valproate/ valproic acid

19
Q

Side effects of Sodium valproate/ valproic acid

A

sedation, tremor, headaches, visual disturbances, tinnitus, agitation, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, heartburn

20
Q

Treatment options for insomnia (5 options)

A
  1. Short acting BZP: Triazolam (Halicon)
  2. Intermediate acting BZP: Lorazepam (Ativan)
  3. Long acting BZP: Diazepam (Valium)
  4. Novel non-BZP: Buspirone (BuSpar)
  5. Sedating antihistamine: Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride (Atarax)
21
Q

Instruct patient NOT to use ______ together with alcohol

A

anxiolytics

22
Q

Signs of tardive diskinesia (at least 6)

A
  • frowning
  • lip smacking
  • puckering
  • sticking out tongue
  • rapid movements in the arms, legs
  • disfigured facial features such as drooping of the mouth of eyes
  • rapid blinking
  • difficulty breathing
  • difficulty swallowing
  • difficulty speaking
23
Q

What is the most severe form of EPSE?

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

24
Q

Symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A
  • Hyperpyrexia (41 degrees) fever
  • Unstable BP
  • Stupor; muscle rigidity
  • Alteration in consciousness (delirium or agitation)
  • Elevated blood creatinine phosphokinase
  • Profuse diaphoresis
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Acute renal failure
25
Q

Drugs for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A
  • Dantrolene: decreases muscle rigidity

- Bromocriptine: active dopamine agonist

26
Q

What type of antipsychotic is highly sedating? And give eg.

A

Low potency drug.

Eg. Chlorpormazine (Largactil)

27
Q

Nursing intervention for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

STOP all antipsychotic meds and notify physician immediately

mental health (14 decks)

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