schiz - clazssifcation, diagnosis

Question 1

how. much of the population have schiz

Answer 1

1%
more commonly diagnosed w men than women

Question 2

what two ways do we classify schizophrenia??

Answer 2

ICD-10
= the world health organisation international classification of disease edition 10

DSM-5
American psychiatric association diagnostic and statistical manual edition 5

Question 3

what must be present for the DSM-5

Answer 3

one of the positive syptoms

Question 4

what must be present in the ICD-10

Answer 4

2 or more negative symptoms

Question 5

what are the positive symptoms

Answer 5

symptoms are ADDITIONAL experiences beyond ordinary experience.

-halluncinations
-delusions

Question 6

what r negative symptoms

Answer 6

involve LOSS of usual abilities + experience

-avolition
-speech poverty

Question 7

Avolition

Answer 7

sometimes called apathy
finding it difficult to keep or start goal-directed activity.
reduces motivation to carry out activities.

Question 8

what were Andreason 3 signs of avolition?

Answer 8

1. poor hygiene/ grooming
2. lack of persistence in work / education
3. lack of energy

Question 9

what’s speech poverty

Answer 9

changes in patterns of speech.

Question 10

evaluation of diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia

Answer 10

POOR RELIABILITY:
ELIE CHENIAUX had 2 psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients using both DSM & ICD criteria. inter-rater reliability was poor.
1 psychologist diagnosing 26 to DSM & 44 to ICD.
Other psychologist 13 - DSM, 24 - ICD.

POOR VALIDITY
using chieniaux study: schizophrenia is more likely to be diagnosed with ICD. suggests schizophrenia is either over-diagnosed ICD or under w DSM.

Co-morbidity
=2 or more conditions occur together.
Buckley et al, 1/2 patients diagnosis w schiz also have depression 50% or substance abuse 47%, PTSD 23%.
poses a challenge for classification & diagnosis of schiz. if 1/2 of shiz patients r also diagnosed w depression maybe were just bad at telling the difference between the 2 conditions. classification severe depression n schizophrenia may look a lot alike, may be better seen a single condition.
creates confusion = weakness.

SYMPTOM OVERLAP
biopolar involves posositive synmtonms n negative. calls into question of validity of classification n DIA. under ICD patient may be diagnosed w schizophrenia however same patient may be diagnosed w Bipolar w DSM.may not be 2 conditions but 1.

culture bias
African Americans English ppl of afrocarbbean origin serval times more likely to be diagnosed w schizophrenia
diagnosis based from culture bias.
ESCOBAR pointed out overwhelming white pscyhrists tend to over interprarte symptoms n distrust honestly of black patients in diagnosis.

Question 11

what was Cheniaux study

Answer 11

had 2 psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients using both DSM & ICD criteria. inter-rater reliability was poor.
1 psychologist diagnosing 26 to DSM & 44 to ICD.
Other psychologist 13 - DSM, 24 - ICD.

Question 12

findings of cheniaux study

Answer 12

26 to DSM & 44 to ICD.
13 - DSM, 24 - ICD.

Question 13

whats ICD category of speech poverty

Answer 13

ICD: reduces amount n quality of speech.
delay in verbal responses during conversation.

Question 14

whats DSM category of speech poverty

Answer 14

DSM: emphasis on speech disorganisation - becomes incoherent, speech changes mid convo. - this is catogrisied positive symptom of DSM.