aggression - evolution Flashcards
list all the evolutionary explanation of aggression A01
evolutionary explanation of sexual jealousy
evolutionary explanation of bullying
what does sexually jealousy act as in men
major motivator of aggression in males
Give explanation of why sexual jealousy happens in men
why: unlike women men can never really know if they’ve truely fathered a child.
This uncertainty is result of the threat of male cuckoldry or having to raise other spring that’s not their own. Any investment in offspring that’s not their genes is waste waste of their resources.
- men in evolutionary past who could avoid cuckoldry were more reproductively successful.
psychological mechanism has evolved to increase anti-cuckoldry behaviour in males.
e.g. sexual jealousy more strong in males than females. created aggressive strategies to retain partners + prevent straying.
Cuckoldry meaning
when a man unwittingly invests his time into a child that isn’t actually biologically his
what are the two adaptive mate retention strategies explained
Wilson+ Daly (1996)
-direct guarding: male vigilance over partners behaviour.
e.g. checking who they’ve been seeing, coming home early, keeping tabs on their whereabouts, tracking apps.
-Negative inducements: insulting threats of dire conseuqnce for infidelity e.g. kill myself if I leave.
two adaptive mate retention strategies (just name title)
- Direct guarding
- Negative inducements
who studied adaptive mate retention strategies
Wilson and Daly 1996
what was the adaptive mate retention strategies linked to
this behaviour linked to violence. women who reported this in their partners were twice as likely to have suffered physical violence.
-73% required medical attention
-53% said they feared for their lives.
what was the study of intimate partner violence + which psychologist?
(evolutionary)
Todd Shackelfold et al (2005)
procedure: men + women in 107 married couples completed different questionnaires. All married less than 1 year. men- completed mate retention inventory, assed mate retention behaviours.
women- spouse influence report measured the exert of their partners violence in their relationship.
Findings: strong positive correlation between men + women reports. = men who used mate mention strategies more likely to use physical violence.
who studied intimate partner violence
Todd Shackleford et al
what was Todd et al’s findings
strong positive correlation between men + women reports. = men who used mate mention strategies more likely to use physical violence.
what’s the evolutionary explanation of bullying
bullying occurs from power imbalance.
researchers have traditionally view bullying maladaptive behaviour, e.g. result of poor asocial skills or childhood abuse.
evolutionary ancestors may use bullying as an adaptive statergy to increase survival by promoting their own health + creating oppotunities for reproduction.
what was Volk et al (2012) reason for evolutionary of bullying to do with gender
argue characteristics associated with bullying behaviour are to attractive to oppposite sex.
Volk et al evolutionary bullying in men
Males: suggest dominance, acquisition of resources + strength.also benefit of warding off potential rivals.
TF- such behaviour would be naturally selected because males would have greater reproductive success.
Volk et al evolutionary bullying in women
Female bullying: used in relationship as method of control. use bullying to secure partners fidelity = they continue to provide resources for future offspring . Again naturally selected for reproductive success.
