aggression - institutions Flashcards
what’s the Situational explanation
THE DEPRIVATION MODEL
who created the deprivation model
Clemmer 1958
What’s the deprivation model
Clemmer 1958
(institutional aggression prison)
clemmers depriavtion model places cause of institutional aggression within the prison environment itself, i.e. situational explanation.
Harsh prison conditions are stressful for inmates, cope by resorting to aggressive + often violent behaviour.
what do poor prison conditions include
deprivation freedom, independence, services, safety, heterosexual intimacy.
deprivaton goods
why is deprivation of good especially important for aggression
increases competition amongst inmates to acquire them + accompanied by corresponding increase in aggression.
Deprivation model
explain prison regimen in relation to aggressive behaviour
if its unpredictable and regular uses lock ups to control behaviour this creates frustration, reduces stimulation by barring other more interesting activities + reduces even further access to ‘goods’.
This is recipe for violence which becomes adaptive solution to the problem of deprivation.
What did Steiner investigate for the deprivation model
PROCEDURE:
Steiner investigated the factors that predicted inmate aggression in 512 prisons in the US.
this study the factors reliably predicted aggressive behaviour in line with the deprivation model.
what did Steiner find from his research
found that inmate-on-inmate violence was more common in prisons where there were higher proportions of females staff, African American inmates, Hispanic inmates and inmates in protective custody for their own safety. These are all prison-level factors because they are independent of the individual characteristics of prisoners. IN this study the factors reliably predicted aggressive behaviour in line with the deprivation model.
who conducted research into the deprivation model
(institutions)
Steiner 2009
evaluation of institutional aggression in context of prisons
SITUATIONAL EXPLANATIONS
SUPPORT FROM RESEARCH:
individual factors are reliable predictors of aggression independent of environment. research show situational variables are also influential. Cunningham et al 2010 analysed 35 inmate homicides Texas prisons + found motivations were linked to some of the deprivations identified by clemmer. Important: arguments over drugs, homosexual relationships + personal possessions.
-predicted by model
-support its validity
CONTRADICTORY RESEARCH:
-predicts lack of freedom + heterosexual intimacy leads to aggression
-Hensley et al disagrees
-studied 256 male + female inmates in 2 prisons in Mississippi USA
-allows conjugal visits
-there was no link between these visits + reduced aggressive behaviour
-shows that situational factors don’t affect prison violence.
research support
Cunningham et al 2010
analysed 35 inmate homicides Texas prisons. found motivations were linked to some of the deprivations identified by clemmer.
Important: arguments over drugs, homosexual relationships + personal possessions.
-predicted by model
-support its validity
contradictory evidence
Hensley et al
-predicts lack of freedom + heterosexual intimacy leads to aggression
-Hensley et al disagrees
-studied 256 male + female inmates in 2 prisons in Mississippi USA
-allows conjugal visits
-there was no link between these visits + reduced aggressive behaviour
-shows that situational factors don’t affect prison violence.
