Schema Theory (Schmidt) Flashcards
What is schema theory?
Suggests that rather than use a structured set of movements to develop skills, the core principles can be taken from an existing motor programme and adapted, using some info from the environment and feedback from the senses
What are the four parameters of a schema?
Initial conditions
Response specifications
Sensory consequences
Response outcomes
What are initial conditions?
Information from the environment
Can be summed up as “where am I?”
What are response specifications?
Information about what to do
Can be summed up as “what do I need to do?”
What are the first two parts of the schema called?
Recall schema
What is a recall schema?
Initiates movement, comes before the action
What are the last two stages of the schema called?
Recognition schema
What is a recognition schema?
Controls movement, happens during the action
What are sensory consequences?
Information about the feel of the movement
Concerns the use of senses to help guide the movement
Information from the senses is used to control and apply the movement to the situation
What is a response outcome?
Feedback about the result
The motor programme can be updated by getting knowledge of the result of the action
Adjustments may be made for next time and the motor programme is adapted to suit the required response
How should a coach implement schema theory into their sessions?
Use a variety of drills and conditioned games to encourage player to continually adapt their approach
Offer frequent feedback to the player to ensure actions and motor programmes can be adjusted
Point out and explain when a schema can be used
The part of the skill which can be transferred should be highlighted
If a player correctly makes adaptations, reinforcement should be used to strengthen stimulus response bond
When may a schema not be used?
If a player is a beginner and hasn’t built motor programmes which they can adapt to a changing environment yet
