schedules of reinforcement- operant conditioning Flashcards
what are schedules of reinforcement?
different patterns of reinforcement have different effects on the speed of learning and on extinction
what is a primary reinforcer?
something that is innately rewarding and meets biological needs
what is a secondary reinforcer?
something that you have learned is a reward through association with the primary reinforcer, can be used to access biological needs.
what is the response rate?
how does this relate to skinner
how hard something works
it is the rate at which the rat pressed the leaver
what is the extinction rate?
how does this relate to skinner
how soon something stops
the rate at which the lever pressing died out
what are the 2 types of reinforcement schedules?
continuous reinforcement
partial reinforcement
what is continuous reinforcement?
how is the response/extinction rate?
when is it used and why?
An anima/human is positively reinforced every time a specific behaviour occurs.
Response rate is fast.
Extinction rate is fast.
Used at the first stages of learning in order to create a strong association between a behaviour and a response.
what is partial reinforcement?
how are learned behaviours acquired?
what are learned behaviours more resistant to?
the response is reinforced only part of the time.
learned behaviours are acquired more slowly, but more resistant to extinction.
what are the 4 schedules of partial reinforcement?
fixed ratio schedule
variable ratio schedule
fixed interval schedule
variable interval schedule
what is fixed ratio schedule?
what does this produce?
response and extinction rate?
the response is reinforced only after a specific number of responses
this produces a high steady rate of responding with only a brief pause after the delivery of the reinforcer
response rate:fast
extinction rate: medium
EG:after so many coffees you get a free one
what is variable-ratio schedule?
what does this cause high amounts of?
occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
causes high amounts of responding
response rate:fast extinction rate:slow
EG:mcdonald’s monopoly not knowing how many stickers you have to peel to get something
what is fixed interval schedules?
how much response does it cause near the end of the interval and after the delivery of the reinforcer?
where the first response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has passed.
causes much amounts of responding near the end of the interval,but much slower responding immediately after the delivery of the reinforcer
response and extinction rate:medium
what is variable interval schedules?
what sort of responses does this produce?
-occurs when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
-schedule produced a slow steady rate of response and extinction rate
