principles of learning (operant conditioning)

Question 1

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 1

anything that increases the probability that the response is a reward.

strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus after a response.

Question 2

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 2

strengthens a response by reducing or removing an aversive stimulus.
(headache-paracetamol)

Question 3

what is punishment?

Answer 3

when something bad is given i. response to a behaviour and the behaviour is stopped
-by administering an u desirable consequence or withdrawing a desirable one
-consequence comes after action

Question 4

what is positive punishment?

Answer 4

where an aversive stimulus is administered eg:parking ticket

Question 5

what does punishment not achieve?
what can is lead to?

Answer 5

it does not achieve a desired behaviour, only stops an undesired one
it can lead to undesirable side effects such as creating fear and teaching aggression

Question 6

what is negative punishment?

Answer 6

withdrawal of a desirable stimulus eg:PS taken away

Question 7

how is positive and negative punishment different to the reinforcement?

Answer 7

because you are stopping an undesired behaviour instead of creating a desired one