Schaffer and Emerson

Question 1

Asocial Stage (0-6 weeks)
(Schaffer: Stages of Attachment)

Answer 1

Similar responses to objects and people. Preference for face shapes

Question 2

Indiscriminate Attachment (6 weeks - 6 months)
(Schaffer: Stages of Attachment)

Answer 2

Preference for human company- distinguish between people, comforted indiscriminately

Question 3

Specific Attachment (7 months +)

Answer 3

Infants show a preference for 1 caregiver, displaying separation and stranger anxiety. Baby looks to particular people for security, comfort and protection

Question 4

Multiple Attachment (10/11 months +)
(Schaffer: Stages of Attachment)

Answer 4

Attachment behaviours displayed towards several people

Question 5

Schaffer and Emerson Study

Answer 5

Studied 60 babies from Glasgow, monthly interval for first 18 months
. Interactions with carers were analysed - if and when infants started displaying separation

Results: Attachments were most likely to form with carers who were sensitive to the baby’s signals
. Mothers main attachment figure for roughly 1/2 and the father for most of the others

Question 6

3 measures recorded in Schaffer and Emerson’s study

Answer 6

Diary kept by the mothers to examine the evidence for the development of attachment

Stranger Anxiety = response to arrival of stranger

Separation Anxiety = distress level when separated from carer, degree of comfort needed on return

Social referencing = degree that children looks at carer to check how they should respond to something new