Scapula, Deltoid, and Pectoral Region Blue Boxes

Question 1

Occasionally the clavicle is pierced by which nerve?

Answer 1

Supraclavicular

Question 2

What is the weakest part of the clavicle?

Answer 2

The junction of its middle and lateral thirds

Question 3

After clavicle fracture, what tends to cause medial fragment displacement?

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Question 4

What will happen to the shoulder following a clavicle break?

Answer 4

The trapezious can’t hold the lateral fragment up, so the shoulder will drop.

Question 5

Why are overriding bone fragments in a clavicle a concern?

Answer 5

They can shorten the bone

Question 6

What is the first bone to ossify?

Answer 6

The Clavicle

Question 7

What would result from a defect in fusion of the clavicle ossification centers?

Answer 7

A Bony Defect between the lateral and medial thirds of the clavicle

Question 8

What would it typically require to fracture the scapula? Why does it typically require so little treatment?

Answer 8

A pedestrian-vehicle accident. Its muscle coverings hold it in place.

Question 9

Where do most fractures of the proximal humerus occur? What group is most likely to have these injuries?

Answer 9

The surgical neck. Elderly folks with osteoporosis.

Question 10

What is an impacted fracture?

Answer 10

One bone fragment being driven into the spongy bone fragment of the other bone fragment.

Question 11

What is an avulsion fracture of te greater tubercle of the humerus?

Answer 11

A small part of the tubercle is torn away from the humerus

Question 12

What is a transverse fracture of the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 12

A fracture occurring in a transverse section to the arm

Question 13

Which nerves are in direct contact with the surgical neck, radial groove, distal end, and medial epicondyle?

Answer 13

Surgical Neck – Axillary Radial Groove – Radial Distal End – Median Medial Epicondyle – Ulnar

Question 14

What type of fracture is this?

Answer 14

Intercondylar Fracture of the Humerus

Question 15

What is a fracture that breaks both the radius and ulna most likely to occur?

Answer 15

The middle of the forearm

Question 16

What binds the radius and the ulna?

Answer 16

Interosseous membrane

Question 17

Most common fracture of the forearm?

Answer 17

Colles fracture (transverse fracture of distal 2 cm of the radius)

Question 18

Name and decribe this fracture?

Answer 18

This is a comminuted fracture – a bone that has been broken into several pieces

Question 19

What is a dinner fork deformity?

Answer 19

A fracture of the distal radius in the forearm with dorsal radial displacement of the wrist and hand.

Question 20

Why are fractures that break through epiphysial plates a concern?

Answer 20

The healing process may result in malalignment of the plate and disturbance of growth.

Question 21

Most commonly fractured carpal?

Answer 21

Scaphoid

Question 22

Why are scaphoid injuries difficult to diagnose?

Answer 22

Initial radiographs tend not to reveal the fracture, so it gets misdiagnosed as a sprained wrist until bone resorption has made it more obvious.

Question 23

Why are scaphoid fractures a serious concern?

Answer 23

They are slow to heal due to low blood supply and tend to require months to heal. If untreated avascular necrosis cancause tissue death and destabilize the wrist.

Question 24

What nerve might be injured in a hamate fracture? What symptoms would you expect?

Answer 24

Ulnar Nerve. Decreased grip strength of the hand.

Question 25

What is a boxer’s fracture?

Answer 25

Fracture of the 5th metacarpal caused by an unskilled person punching something with a closed abducted fist.

Question 26

Symptoms of Poland syndrome?

Answer 26

Absence of pectoralis major and pectoralis minor and absence of 2-4 ribs

Question 27

Damage to what nerve would result in paralysis of the serratus anterior? How would you expect this to present? How is this nerve commonly injured?

Answer 27

Long thoracic nerve. Winged scapula and possibly an inability to adbuct above the horizontal position because of an inability to rotate the glenoid. Violent attack including knife fights or bullets.

Question 28

Where is the triangle of auscultation?

Answer 28

Question 29

Symptoms of Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury?

Answer 29

Marked ipsilateral weakness when the shoulders are elevated against resistance.

Question 30

What nerve is commonly at risk during mastectomies and removal of scapular lymph nodes?

Answer 30

Thoracodorsal

Question 31

How might you identify a rhomboid injury?

Answer 31

The scapula on the affected side is located father from the midline than that on the normal side.

Question 32

What nerve might you expect to damage by the incorrect use of crutches?

Answer 32

Axilary

Question 33

Axillary nerve damage can cause loss of sensation in what part of the arm?

Answer 33

Lateral side of the proximal part of the arm (supplied by the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm).

Question 34

What rotator cuff muscle is most commonly ruptured?

Answer 34

Supraspinatus