Scans Flashcards
Problems with ultrasound
User error
Patient BMI
Dilated bowel loops air blocks view
Need to have drunk clear fluids 6 hours before
What does the gallbladder do when you fast?
Distend
What is difficult t visualise on US?
Appendix, ovaries and tubes, gallstones (only 15-20% show)
Investigation for pyelonephritis
US KUB
When do you need to intervene with kidney stones?
When over 10mm - lithroscopy or urinary stent
Indications for arterial contrast CT abdo
Pseudo aneurysm
Ischaemic
Ruptured AAA
Where do you put contrast for bowel imaging?
Venous portal - bowel wall supply
When would u do a US over a CT?
Gallstones, cholecystitis
What are psuedocysts and when do they occur in pancreatitis?
Collections around pancreas, after 6 weeks
Why do you not use contrast CT with kidney stones?
Makes stones less clear
What scan do you use when unsure of appendicitis?
CT
What is hinchy classification and what is it for?
Grading for perforation in diverticulits
What bacteria is as with haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
E.coli
Complications of colonoscopy
Perforation, bleeding, sedation complications
PARAMETERS for referral with FIT test
> 350 once
100 twice
PARAMETERS for referral with FIT test
> 350 once
100 twice
What diseases can you take biopsies with
GORD, hiatus hernia, barrets oesophagus, gastritis, duodenitis
Where does a flexible sigmoidoscopy image?
Inspection of LHS bowel - doesnt go past colonic flexure
Which side is a stoma often on in an ileostomy?
Right
Which surgery results in a flush stoma? Why?
Colostomy - LHS
More solid in this part of bowel, less likely to irritate stoma
What to look at in an abdo X ray
Patient details
Projeciton
Technical adequacy
Obvious abnormalities
Systematic review - bowel gas pattern, soft tissues, bones, calcifciation and other
How can you identify large bowel on an abdo X ray
Haustra- not full width bowel
Faeces - mottled
More peripheral
How big should the large bowel be on X ray
<6cm
<9cm for caecum
Risk factors for large bowel obstruction
Colorectal cancer
Constipation
Diverticular disease
Faecal impaction
Volvulus
