Scalp, Face Flashcards
MOD 3 SMU PA
scalp dematomes
Scalp posterior auricles
Ventral rami C2-3
Dorsal rami C2-C3
Greater ocipital n (Dorsal ramus C2)
Where do the Face vessels originate/ terminate? describe their pathways.
Blood supply to face primary from FACIAL A.
BRANCH OF ECA.
Terminates -near eye at the ANGULAR A.
ICA- ophthalmic a. minor supply to face
Maxillary A.- 2nd terminal branch of ECA
Branches- INFRAORBITAL MENTAL
What is the clinical significance of the anastomoses -In the scalp (arterial)-
JAH
What is the clinical significance of the anastomoses-Between the danger triangle of the face and the cranial cavity (venous)
upper lips to bridge of nose
infection travel back to cavernous sinus due to connection with ophthalmic v or pterygoid venous plexus
cavernous sit postersuperior to this TRIANGLE
ANy infected clot affects strutures traveling through sthe cavernous sinus
In which layer of the scalp does the neurovascular travel?
boundary sup. nuchal lines to supraorbital margins
Cant separate
1-3 layers scalp proper, wiggle scalp is thers layers
5 layers
1. skin
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE-DENSE NEUROVASCULATRUE TRAVELS IN THIS LAYER
3. Aponerosis ( btwn occipitalis and frontalis)
4. Loose connective tissue
5. Pericranium on bone
2 layers cut- bleeds alot bc dense tissue pulls vessels apart. Need to close scalp wounds. bleed from both sides
3. Pulls wound apart due to ant and post connection to musle. Raising eyebrow or moving head would open scalp
In which layer of the scalp would infections travel –how far can they go? Why?
4 the layer
LOOSE connective tissue
What are the major muscles of facial expression-Where do they insert/ What are their actions?-How are they innervated?
Frontalis-
Orbicularis oculi- CLOSES EYE
Occipitalis
Zygomaticus Major- ELEVEATES MOUTH ANGLES
Orbicularis oris-PURSES LIPS
Platysma- TENSES SKIN IN NECK, DRAWS ANGLES DOWN
Buccinator
Occipitofrontalis- connect by epicranial aponeurosis- RAISES EYEBROWS
Describe the pathway of the facial nerve (CNVII)-
JAH
What is Bells Palsy? Name symptoms and their causes-
JAH
What are the muscles of mastication-Where do they insert/ What are their actions?-How are they innervated (which division of Trigeminal)?-
JAH
What type of joint is temporomandibular joint?
What actions can occur in the superior/ inferior compartments?
modified Hinge joint
Mandibular condyle part of ramus
Mandibule fossa and ant. tubercle of temporal bone
Superior compartment- protursion and retrusion
Infeior comparment- elevatin and depression
Grinding food- One sided retruded, other protruded
What type of gland is the parotid gland?-Where is it located?
Salivary
Infratemporal fossa
What structures pass through the gland?-How is it innervated?
V3 n.
Otic ganglion
Lesser Petrosal n CN IX
Auriculotemporal n branch of V3
Describe the presynaptic and postsynaptic nerves and their pathways.
GVEp (pre) synpase on otic ganglion
OTIC is suspended from V3 Mandibular in the infratemporal fossa
GVEp (post) synpase on auriculotemporal branch (V3 branch) to parotdi gland
Where are the postsynaptic GVEs and GVEp neurons located?)
GVEp cell/body neurons in the brain wiht the CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.
V1
Trigeminal Ophthalmic
external nose TIP OF NOSE, upper eyelid, ant forehead outer eyelid, scalp to vertex of skul
Canal- supraorbital fissure
Foramen- supraorbital notch
V2
Trigeminal Mandibular
inferior eyelid, side of nose, upper lip
Canal- foramen rotundum
Foramen ext- infraorbital notch
V3
Trigeminal Maxillary
ant ear and auricle, posterior part of temple, lower part of cheek, chin
Canal- foramen ovale
Foramen-ext mental foramen
Auriculotemporal n. V3
GVEp(post) hitchhke here
travel with middle menigeal a.
Where do the SCALP vessels originate/ terminate? describe their pathways.
Superficial temporal a.- 1st terminal branch of ECA.
DEEP IN PAROTID
What is drainage of FACE?
FACIAL Vein- major vein, begins at angular vein-supratrochlear and supraorbital v. drains to common facial v., forms with retromandibula v. Talks to pterygoid plexus, thus cavernous sinus, by deep FACIAL V.
Retromandibula v. - superficaila temporal and maxillary v form together and drain here.
ECA facial branches
Mental a Facial a Maxillary a. superficial temporal angular a.
ICA brance of face
supratrochlera a
supraorbital a.
Contents of Cavernous sinus
Fossa either side of hypopheseal fossa ICA GVEs on ICA Oculomotor CNIII Trochlear CNIV Ophthalmic CNV1 Abducens CNVI
Connectvie tissue 2 nd layer
CN V123 anteriro to auricle
Dorsal and Ventral rami C2-3
ICA- supratrochlear, supraorbital
ECA- superficial temporal, Posterior auricular, occipital
Veins- supratrochlear, supraorbital, emissary v.
