Scalp, Face

Question 1

scalp dematomes

Answer 1

Scalp posterior auricles
Ventral rami C2-3
Dorsal rami C2-C3
Greater ocipital n (Dorsal ramus C2)

Question 2

Where do the Face vessels originate/ terminate? describe their pathways.

Answer 2

Blood supply to face primary from FACIAL A.
BRANCH OF ECA.
Terminates -near eye at the ANGULAR A.

ICA- ophthalmic a. minor supply to face

Maxillary A.- 2nd terminal branch of ECA
Branches- INFRAORBITAL MENTAL

Question 3

What is the clinical significance of the anastomoses -In the scalp (arterial)-

Answer 3

JAH

Question 4

What is the clinical significance of the anastomoses-Between the danger triangle of the face and the cranial cavity (venous)

Answer 4

upper lips to bridge of nose
infection travel back to cavernous sinus due to connection with ophthalmic v or pterygoid venous plexus
cavernous sit postersuperior to this TRIANGLE
ANy infected clot affects strutures traveling through sthe cavernous sinus

Question 5

In which layer of the scalp does the neurovascular travel?

Answer 5

boundary sup. nuchal lines to supraorbital margins
Cant separate
1-3 layers scalp proper, wiggle scalp is thers layers
5 layers
1. skin
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE-DENSE NEUROVASCULATRUE TRAVELS IN THIS LAYER
3. Aponerosis ( btwn occipitalis and frontalis)
4. Loose connective tissue
5. Pericranium on bone

2 layers cut- bleeds alot bc dense tissue pulls vessels apart. Need to close scalp wounds. bleed from both sides
3. Pulls wound apart due to ant and post connection to musle. Raising eyebrow or moving head would open scalp

Question 6

In which layer of the scalp would infections travel –how far can they go? Why?

Answer 6

4 the layer

LOOSE connective tissue

Question 7

What are the major muscles of facial expression-Where do they insert/ What are their actions?-How are they innervated?

Answer 7

Frontalis-

Orbicularis oculi- CLOSES EYE

Occipitalis

Zygomaticus Major- ELEVEATES MOUTH ANGLES

Orbicularis oris-PURSES LIPS

Platysma- TENSES SKIN IN NECK, DRAWS ANGLES DOWN

Buccinator

Occipitofrontalis- connect by epicranial aponeurosis- RAISES EYEBROWS

Question 8

Describe the pathway of the facial nerve (CNVII)-

Answer 8

JAH

Question 9

What is Bells Palsy? Name symptoms and their causes-

Answer 9

JAH

Question 10

What are the muscles of mastication-Where do they insert/ What are their actions?-How are they innervated (which division of Trigeminal)?-

Answer 10

JAH

Question 11

What type of joint is temporomandibular joint?

What actions can occur in the superior/ inferior compartments?

Answer 11

modified Hinge joint
Mandibular condyle part of ramus
Mandibule fossa and ant. tubercle of temporal bone
Superior compartment- protursion and retrusion
Infeior comparment- elevatin and depression

Grinding food- One sided retruded, other protruded

Question 12

What type of gland is the parotid gland?-Where is it located?

Answer 12

Salivary

Infratemporal fossa

Question 13

What structures pass through the gland?-How is it innervated?

Answer 13

V3 n.
Otic ganglion
Lesser Petrosal n CN IX
Auriculotemporal n branch of V3

Question 14

Describe the presynaptic and postsynaptic nerves and their pathways.

Answer 14

GVEp (pre) synpase on otic ganglion
OTIC is suspended from V3 Mandibular in the infratemporal fossa

GVEp (post) synpase on auriculotemporal branch (V3 branch) to parotdi gland

Question 15

Where are the postsynaptic GVEs and GVEp neurons located?)

Answer 15

GVEp cell/body neurons in the brain wiht the CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.

Question 16

V1

Answer 16

Trigeminal Ophthalmic
external nose TIP OF NOSE, upper eyelid, ant forehead outer eyelid, scalp to vertex of skul
Canal- supraorbital fissure
Foramen- supraorbital notch

Question 17

V2

Answer 17

Trigeminal Mandibular
inferior eyelid, side of nose, upper lip
Canal- foramen rotundum
Foramen ext- infraorbital notch

Question 18

V3

Answer 18

Trigeminal Maxillary
ant ear and auricle, posterior part of temple, lower part of cheek, chin
Canal- foramen ovale
Foramen-ext mental foramen

Question 19

Auriculotemporal n. V3

Answer 19

GVEp(post) hitchhke here

travel with middle menigeal a.

Question 20

Where do the SCALP vessels originate/ terminate? describe their pathways.

Answer 20

Superficial temporal a.- 1st terminal branch of ECA.

DEEP IN PAROTID

Question 21

What is drainage of FACE?

Answer 21

FACIAL Vein- major vein, begins at angular vein-supratrochlear and supraorbital v. drains to common facial v., forms with retromandibula v. Talks to pterygoid plexus, thus cavernous sinus, by deep FACIAL V.

Retromandibula v. - superficaila temporal and maxillary v form together and drain here.

Question 22

ECA facial branches

Answer 22

Mental a
Facial a
Maxillary a.
superficial temporal
angular a.

Question 23

ICA brance of face

Answer 23

supratrochlera a

supraorbital a.

Question 24

Contents of Cavernous sinus

Answer 24

Fossa either side of hypopheseal fossa
ICA
GVEs on ICA
Oculomotor CNIII
Trochlear CNIV
Ophthalmic CNV1
Abducens CNVI

Question 25

Connectvie tissue 2 nd layer

Answer 25

CN V123 anteriro to auricle
Dorsal and Ventral rami C2-3
ICA- supratrochlear, supraorbital
ECA- superficial temporal, Posterior auricular, occipital
Veins- supratrochlear, supraorbital, emissary v.