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SMUPAFall-Anatomy > Cranial Cavity, dural sinues (veins). Innervation of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity, dural sinues (veins). Innervation of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How is Circle of Willis formed?

A

not the best arterial anastomoses
PRIMARILY BLOOD FROM 2 AA-
1. INTERNAL COMMON CAROTID A.
2. RL VETERBRAL A.

INTERNAL COMMON CAROTIS HAD NO BRANCES IN NECK
Neck-
RAortic arch__Brachiocephalic a._R sublcavian_R carotid
L Aortic arch_R subclavia_R carotid
R/L Subclavian_R/L vertebral a. (ENTER transvers foramina)(ENTER foramen magnum)
RL vertebral aa. from._Basilar (ant. a on bone FX red flag)
Basilar a__Post and Ant. cerebral aa.
Internal carotid (enter carotid canal) _opthalmic a, middle a., anterior cerebral a.
Anterior communicating-connects circle (horizontal btwn RL anterior cerebral)
Posterior communicating-connects circle (vertical connections btwn RL ICA.

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2
Q

What are the Dorsal Rami of Cervical spinal nerves?

A

T1-L2

No GVEs in cranial cavity

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3
Q

Where/what is the Cervical Plexus?

A

Ventral rami C1-C4

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4
Q

Describe route of GVEs (pre) and post in the head and neck?

A

All GVEs (pres) synapse in the superior cerical ganglion of the sympatheic train

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5
Q

Where is the subarachnoid?

A

btwn pia and acrahnoid. CSF fluid is withing this space.

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6
Q

what is the Epi/Extradural space?

A

there is no dural space. thus when injury blood accumulates above dura mater (btwn dura and bone) and pushes on brain

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7
Q

Location of the Subdural?

A

Space btwn dura and arachnoid.
Blood hemorrhage is venous, from tearing of vein after blow to head. Brain moves, bt dura attached to bone doesn’t move, thus tears.

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8
Q

What is clinical relevance btwn dural sinuses and veins external to the cranial cavity

A

CAvernous communicates with

  1. superior ophthalmic vein
  2. Pterygoid venous plexus
  3. Inferior ophthalmic vein
  4. Central v. of the retina
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9
Q

Describe Cranial Hemorrhages-Extra/Epidural

A

Lateral blow to the head may rupture ant. division of mid meningeal artery (branch of maxillary artery crosses pterion)= EXTRADURAL hemorrhage

Subarachnoid-arterial in orgin. Spinal tap for CSF check

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10
Q

Describe Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

pieces of infected clots fro external veins . May affect other structure traveling through. Resulting in meningitis.
common-infections in orbit, nasal sinues, superior part of face.

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11
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

soft spots of fibrous tissue membranes on unossified bones in newborns. Ant closed 18mo. Bulging up or low indicate low or high pressure.

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12
Q

What is the Fascia of head?

A

all comparts enveloped in fascia. This creastes space but also, crease risk of infection potential space

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13
Q

What are the Cranial meinges?

A

Pia mater- deepest and delicate. Follows sulci and gyri

Arachnoid Mater- middle delicate membrane connected to pia mater by TRABECULAE
Encloses subarachnoid space which contains CSF.

Dural Mater

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14
Q

What are the Dural sinuses?

A

CSF- drains to the venous system via arcachnoid granulaions

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15
Q

Layers of the Dura Mater

A

ottermost tough lat
Falx cerebri-btwn cerebrums. on innue surface of calvarium, deep to sagital suture) from frontal crest and crista galli(ant) to internal occipital protuber (post), continuous w/ tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli-btwn cerbellar, internal to occipital crest, superiorly becomes continuous w/ tentorium cerebelli

Tentorium cerebelli- btwn cerebrum and cerebellum
ANt- attached to clinoid process
Antlat- attaced to petroucs crest
Post- attached to parietal and occipitalbones

Diaphragma sellae- holds pituitary gland down in the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone

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16
Q

Where are the Dural Folds?

A

Dura mater- outtermost toughest layer connected to skull.
1. Inner meningeal layer (continue w/ dura mater of spinal cord 2. Outer periosteal layer
creates DURAL FOLDS- dural matter folds and creates compartments that support the brain. Formed where the inner(internal) meningeial layer separates from the outer (external periostial layer)

17
Q

What are Arachnoid granulations?

A

prolongations of the arachnoid, protrudes through menegial dura mater. provide absorbtion of excess CSF into he venus system

18
Q

name the Viscerocranium Bones

A 
ethmoid (unpaired)
lacrimal
nasal
maxilla
mandible
sphenoid (unpaired)
zygoma
19
Q

name the neurocranium

A 
Frontal bone
Parital
Ethymoid
Sphenoid
Temporal bone
Occipital
20
Q

Metopic suture

A

Most sutures close up to 8yrs. IF unclosed on an adult this can be seen.

21
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

within root of falx cerebri
ends at Conflueenc of sinues
Has lateral venous laccunae
common site for transfer of CSF to the venous system via arachniod granulations

22
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

located in interna occipatl progtuerance.

Superior sagital, straight, occipital, and tranveser sinuses all communicate here

23
Q

Inferior sagital sinues

A

free inferior edge of falx cerebri

24
Q

Straight sinsus

A

fomred by inferior sinue sand great cerebral vein of Galen

runs btwn falx cerebri, tentoriusm cerebelli

25
Q

Occipital sinus

A

within root of falx cerebri
ends at Confluence of sinues
communicates with internal vertebral plexus

26
Q

Transverse sinus

A

posterolateral root of tentodrium cerebelli. Starts at Confluence of sinuss
Becomes Sigmod sinous AFTER it receives superior petrosal sinus

27
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

formed by union of tranvers and superior petrosal sinuses
Runs througth jugular foramen
Exist cavity as the INTERNAL JUGULAR VIEN.

28
Q

Cavernous sinus

A 
located both sides of sella turica
Communicates with many viens and sinues
1- superior/inferior opthamlic vein
2. Pterogid venous plexus (intratemporal fossa)
3. Central vien of retina
Connected by intercavernous sinusus
29
Q

Why is the communicate of the cavernous sinus with external veins, etc. important?

A

Emissary viens- It introduces a pathway for infection into the cranial cavity, can affect cranial nerves running through it

SMUPAFall-Anatomy (9 decks)

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