Lower Limb Joints Flashcards
Hip Joint Anatomy
Type- Synovial
Shape- Ball and socket
DOF- 3
articular surfaces: joins the lunate surface of acetabulum C-shaped. Inf. Of lunate has the acetabular notch bridged by transverse acetabula ligament (also articulate head of femur). Fovea capitis pit on head of femur for round ligament of head of femur to form head and acetbulum attachment
blood supply: Adult PRIMARILY from medial and lateral circumflex femoral arties (profundal femoris a.). Infant- primary from branches of obturator a. within round ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres)
Hip Features
Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…)
FX of femoral neck lacerate retinacula a and femoral head may die
Acetablular labrum- fibrocartilaginous ring that increase depth of acetabulum and surface area
Fovea capitis- pit in head of femur
Round lig. Of the femur
Name all of the movements capable at this joint
F/E, AD/AB, MED ROT/LAT ROT
Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit
Iliofemoral l.-EXTREMELY STRONG Y shaped anterior of hip. The stem attaches to AIIS, inserts on intertrochanteric lin. Limits- extension of hip. Bigelow
Pubofemoral l.- anterior inferior. O- iliopublic eminence, spiral to Illiofemoral lig. And fiber o joint capsule. Limtes Ext and HIP ABD
Ischiofemoral l.- posterior from ischium extent superiolaterally to blend with joint capus. Limits EXT.
Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements
Glute max- Hip ext
Glute med mini- Hip abd
Adductors- ADD
Psoas- Hip Flx
Knee joint
Type- Synovial
Shape- Hinge
DOF- 1?
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Medial and lateral femoral condyles and medial and lateral condyles of tibia plateau.
- Describe the blood supply to each joint- Popliteal a.
Knee features
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…)
Mensicus- crescent shaped function as shock absorbers, dissapate forces, increase surface area for contact. Medial- flat longer shallow, less deep, attached to MCL, less mobile, thus injured often. Lateral- C shaped, deeper, no attachments mobile. Meniscus attached via tranvers ligament on tibial plateau.
Patella Ligament- Ie (patella tendon or quad tendon)-
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint:
F/E, AB/ADD, Rotation
-Name the main supporting ligaments:
LCL-extracapsular- very strong O- lateral epicondyle of femur to Head of Fib- Limits ADD, and works w/ TCL to limit rotation of tibia on femur. Tense- knee extension
MCL- extracapsular O- medial epicondyle of femur to proximalmedial tibia. Attache within joint capusule and mendial meniscus. Limits ABD, works with LCL to limit rotation of tibia on femur. Tense in EXT
ACL- intracapsular/extra synovial- (cross finger) O- anteriormedial tibia to superpostlat through intercondylar notch of femur to lateral femoral condyly. Limits EXT and anterogliding. Works w/ PCL to limit medial rot of tibia on femur (lateral rotation of femur on tibia)
PCL intracapsular/extra synovial- (cross finger) O- posteriorlatera on tibia to superanteromedially through intercondlylar notch of femur to femoral condyle. Tense in FLX, some EXT and postergliding. Works w/to limit medial rot of tibia on femur (lateral rotation of femur on tibia)
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
HS
Quads
Patellofemoral jt.
Patellofemoral jt-
Type- INCLUDED with the knee joint
Superior/Proximal Tibiofibular jt-NOT INCLUDED IN KNEE JOINT
Type- synovial
Shape-Plane
DOF- mini movement d/t ligaments
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Medial Tibia and Fibula head
- Describe the blood supply to each joint: Recurrent Branch of ant. Tibial and Lateral inf. Genicular artery
Patellofemoral features
-Name any special features: Fibrous Interosseous membrane and tibiofibular ligaments, lig of fibular head
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint- minimal movement. Lig. Dec movement.
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit
Interosseous membrane and tibiofibular ligaments, lig of fibular head
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements
None
Inf. Tibiofibular jt-
Type- synovial
Shape- Plane
DOF- minimal movement
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint:
- Describe the blood supply to each joint: Ant. Tibial a. and Dorsalis Pedis( past malleolus
-Name any special features: Medial and lateral malleoli
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint- minimal
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit:
Anterior tibiofibular l. Posterior tibiofibular l.
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements. None
Talocrurual Ankle joint-
Type- Synovial
Shape-Hinge
DOF- 1
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Trochlea sits btwn Lateral malleolus and inferior surface of tibia, and medial malleolus. Mortise jt
- Describe the blood supply to each joint: Dorsalis pedis
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…) Trochlea anteriorly wider, thus grip of malleoli is stronger in Dorsiflexion as trochlea anterior is wedged btwn. Posterior trochlea narrow, thus more injuries in Plantar flexion. Plantar flexion most unstable, most injuries.-Name all of the movements capable at this joint: Dorisflexin and Plantarflexion
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit
Medial collateral lig. Deltoid- extremely strong, 4 parts that fan out. LIMITS- EVERSION AND ABD.
Lateral collateral lig. -Consist of three fans. Ant. Talofbiual, Post, talofibular, and Cancaneal fibular. ATF torn easily with inversion sprain.
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements: Ant. Compartment, and Post. Compartment
Subtalar jt
Type- synovial
Shape- plane
DOF- 1
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Sup Calcaneus and Inf. Talus
- Describe the blood supply to each joint: Post Tibia a.
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…)
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint: Inversion and Eversion
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit: Same as ankle
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements: Lateral compartment, Post/Ant
Transverse tarsal jt-
Type- Synovial
Shape- plane
DOF- 1
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Head of calcaneus and Talus to Navicular and Cuboid
- Describe the blood supply to each joint-
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…); none
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint: inversion and eversion
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit: NKAT
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements- Lateral compartment, Post/Ant
MP jt-
Type- synovial
Shape-condyloid
DOF- 2
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Metatarsal and distal phalanges
- Describe the blood supply to each joint:
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…)
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint- Flex/ext, ABD, ADD
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements – Intrinsic and FDL, EDL
IP jt-
Type- synovial
Shape-hinge
DOF-
-Describe the articular surfaces involved in each joint: Proximal phalanx to Distal phalanx
- Describe the blood supply to each joint :
-Name any special features (discs, labra, menisci…)- Hallucis has on an IP jt
-Name all of the movements capable at this joint- Flexion and Extension
-Name the main supporting ligaments and the movements that they limit-
-Name muscles that are capable of creating each of these movements- EHL, EHB, FHL, FHB, FDL, EDL
-What function do the arches of the foot serve?
- Support body weight
2. Act as a lever to propel body forward during locomotion (GRF deforms foot, acrche creates rigidity)
- How many arches are there?
- What specific structures help to maintain the arches?
Medial and latera longitudinal arches.. .
Creates a transvers arch.
Shock absorbaer, spring boards
Maintained by shape of foot bones
Medial=talus
Lateral arch= cuboid
Muscles-
Media arch- Tibialis ant. And FHL assist roof of arch
Lateral arch- Fibularis longus and Brevis extend roof of arch
