Scalp and the Face Flashcards
Where does the scalp extend from?
Extends from the superior nuchal line on the posterior aspect of the skull to the supraorbital margins
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose areolar connective tissue
- Pericranium
In what layer of the scalp are the emissary veins found?
Connective tissue layer
In what layer of the scalp are the diploic veins found?
Pericranium
What muscles are connected by the epicranial aponeurosis?
- Occipitalis
- Frontalis
What layer allows free movement of the scalp?
Loose areolar connective tissue
How is the pericranium firmly attached to the bones?
By connective tissue fibres called Sharpney’s fibres
What nerves supplies the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Facial nerve
Where do the supraorbital and suprtrochlear nerves come from?
V1
Where does the zygomaticotemporal nerve come from?
V2
Where does the lesser occipital nerve come from?
Cervical plexus
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve come from?
V3
Where does the greater occipital nerve come from?
Post primary rami
Where do the supraorbital and supratrocheal arteries come from?
Ophthalmic artery
Where do the superficial temporal, post auricular and occipital arteries come from?
External carotid artery
Where do the supraorbital and supratrochlear drain into?
Facial vein
Why does the scalp bleed profusely even with small lacerations?
It has a rich blood supply
What type of wound occurs if the aponeurosis is divided?
Gaping wounds
What do emissary veins not have?
Valves
How can infection be transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity?
Emissary veins
What are the arteries of the face?
- Facial artery
- Superficial temporal artery
- Transverse facial artery
- Supratrochlear
- Supraorbital
What are the veins of the face?
- Facial
- Superficial temporal
- Retromandibular
- Supratrochlear
- Supraorbital
Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?
In the subcutaneous tissue and are attached to the skin of the face
What do the muscles of facial expression enabled us to do?
Move our skin and change ur facial expression
How do the muscles of facial expression produce their effects?
By pulling on the skin but do not move the facial skeleton
What do the muscles of facial expression surround?
Facial orifices and therefore act as sphincters and dilators
What do all facial muscles receive their innervation from?
Branches of the facial nerve
What is the sphincter muscle of the mouth?
Orbicularis oris
What are the muscles that elevate the upper lip?
- Zygomaticus minor
- Levator labii superioris
- Nasalis
- Zygomaticus major
What are the muscles that depress the lips?
- Depressor labii inferioris
- Platysma
- Depressor anguli oris
- Mentalis
What muscles retract the angle of the mouth?
- Zygomaticus major
- Depressor anguli oris
- Risorius
- Platysma
What muscles are attached to the nose?
- Nasalis
- Levator labii
- Superior alaeque nasi
- Levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus minor
- Procerus
What muscles are found around the orbit and ear?
- Orbicularis oculi
- Depressor supercilli
- Corrugator supercilli
- Temporoparietalis
- Procerus
- Occipito frontalis
How many distinct complex emotions are common to humanity?
21
What is among the most universal forms of body language?
Facial expressions
What are the 9 emotions that can be modified?
- Happy
- Sad
- Fearful
- Angry
- Surprised
- Disgusted
- Appalled
- Hatred
- Awe
