Scale and Organization

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

Concerned the chemical reactions that occur in living organisms

Question 2

Cell Membrane (Composition)

Answer 2

Bilayer of proteins. (50%) and lipids (50%). and some carbohydrates

Question 3

Cell Membrane (Function)

Answer 3

Selectively permeable boundary for entry and exit of nutrients and water; some important enzyme activities; location of receptors for signaling

Question 4

Nucleus (Composition)

Answer 4

Contains genomic DNA, and histone proteins as chromatin; RNA

Question 5

Nucleus (Function)

Answer 5

Storage of genetic information.; site of DNA replication and transcription to RNA

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes (Composition)

Answer 6

Flat, single-membraned vesicles of lipid and protein; ribosomes consist of RNA and proteins

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes (Function)

Answer 7

Surfaces on which ribosomes bind for proteins synthesis

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus (Composition)

Answer 8

Flattened vesicles of lipid, protein, and polysaccharide

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus (Function)

Answer 9

Secretion of cell waste products; site of protein processing

Question 10

Mitochondria (Composition)

Answer 10

Double-membraned with protein and lipids; interior (matrix) contains soluble and insoluble enzymes, RNA, and DNA

Question 11

Mitochondria (Function)

Answer 11

Site of energy metabolism and synthesis of high-energy ATP

Question 12

Lysosomes (Composition)

Answer 12

Single-membraned vesicles containing enzymes for hydrolysis

Question 13

Lysosomes [Animal] (Function)

Answer 13

Metabolism of materials ingested by endocytosis

Question 14

Peroxisomes [Animal] or Glyoxysomes [Plant] (Composition)

Answer 14

Single-membraned vesicles containing catalase and other oxidative enzymes

Question 15

Peroxisomes [Animal] or Glyoxysomes [Plant] (Function)

Answer 15

Oxidative metabolism of nutrients using O2 to generate H2O2

Question 16

Chloroplasts [Plant] (Composition)

Answer 16

Double-membraned organelles containing protein, lipid, chlorophyll, RNA, DNA, and ribosomes

Question 17

Chloroplasts [Plant] (Function)

Answer 17

Sites of photosynthesis; convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP)

Question 18

Cytoplasm (Composition)

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton made oof proteins; small molecules, soluble proteins, enzymes, nutrients, and salts inn aqueous solution

Question 19

Cytoplasm (Function)

Answer 19

Provides shape to cell; region where many metabolic reactions occur

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

a large, complex molecule that is made up of amino acids

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

molecule that carries genetic information; constantly associated with proteins

Question 22

Water (Dimensions)

Answer 22

0.3-0.4 nm in diameter

Question 23

Small Molecules [Metabolites] (Dimensions)

Answer 23

1 nm in diameter

Question 24

Bilayer Membrane (Dimensions)

Answer 24

5 nm thick

Question 25

Average Proteins (Dimensions)

Answer 25

8 nm in diameter

Question 26

Ribosome (Dimensions)

Answer 26

25 nm in diameter

Question 27

Green light (Dimensions)

Answer 27

550 nm wavelength

Question 28

DNA (Dimensions)

Answer 28

2nm in diameter; 1.4 mm “long” in e.coli; 1m long in humans

Question 29

Mitochondrion (Dimensions)

Answer 29

2000nm long x 400nm in diameter

Question 30

Bacterium (Dimensions)

Answer 30

3000nm long x 600 nm in diameter

Question 31

Chloroplast (Dimensions)

Answer 31

8000nm long x 1500nm in diameter

Question 32

Plant Cell (Dimensions)

Answer 32

50000nm in diameter