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Introduction to Biochemistry > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are proteins polymers of?

A

Amino Acids

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2
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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3
Q

What do all amino acids contain? (1 out 4)

A

An amino group (basic)

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4
Q

What do all amino acids contain? (2 out 4)

A

A carboxyl group (acidic)

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5
Q

What do all amino acids contain? (3 out 4)

A

Alpha Carbon (attached H atom)

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6
Q

What do all amino acids contain? (4 out 4)

A

R group (variable)

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7
Q

What does the alpha carbon of each amino acid have?

A

A tetrahedral geometry

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8
Q

Fisher Projection

A

Geometry around carbon in specific way

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9
Q

What are amino acids given?

A

One-letter and three-letter abbreviations

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10
Q

Glycine

A

G (Gly)

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11
Q

Alanine

A

A (Ala)

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12
Q

Valine

A

V (Val)

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13
Q

Leucine

A

L (Leu)

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14
Q

Isoleucine

A

I (Ile)

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15
Q

Methionine

A

M (Met)

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16
Q

Phenylalanine

A

F (Phe)

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17
Q

Proline

A

P (Pro)

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18
Q

Serine

A

S (Ser)

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19
Q

Threonine

A

T (Thr)

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20
Q

Cystine

A

C (Cys)

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21
Q

Asparagine

A

N (Asn)

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22
Q

Glutamine

A

Q (Gln)

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23
Q

Tyrosine

A

Y (Tyr)

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24
Q

Tryptophan

A

W (Trp)

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25
Q

Aspartate

A

D (Asp)

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26
Q

Glutamate

A

E (Glu)

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27
Q

Histidine

A

H (His)

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28
Q

Lysine

A

K (Lys)

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29
Q

Arginine

A

R (Arg)

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30
Q

What are some organisms that can make all 20 amino acids?

A

Bacteria, Yeast, and Plants

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31
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

Can not be made; obtained through diet

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32
Q

Nonessential Amino Acids

A

Can be made

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33
Q

What pathway are Phe and Tyr made from?

A

Shikimic Acid Pathway

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34
Q

Arginine (E or NE)

A

Essential

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35
Q

Histidine (E or NE)

A

Essential

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36
Q

Isoleucine (E or NE)

A

Essential

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37
Q

Leucine (E or NE)

A

Essential

38
Q

Lysine (E or NE)

A

Essential

39
Q

Methionine (E or NE)

A

Essental

40
Q

Phenylalanine (E or NE)

A

Essential

41
Q

Threonine (E or NE)

A

Essential

42
Q

Tryptophan (E or NE)

A

Essential

43
Q

Valine (E or NE)

A

Essential

44
Q

Alanine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

45
Q

Asparagine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

46
Q

Aspartate (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

47
Q

Cysteine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

48
Q

Glutamine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

49
Q

Glutamate (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

50
Q

Glycine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

51
Q

Proline (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

52
Q

Serine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

53
Q

Tyrosine (E or NE)

A

Nonessential

54
Q

What is required for the production of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine?

A

Ascorbic Acid (Viitamin C)

55
Q

Scurvy

A

A deficiency in vitamin C

56
Q

Polar

A

Unequal distribution of electrons

57
Q

Polarity

A

Describes how electrons are shared or transferred between two atoms

58
Q

Pure Covalent Bond (Nonpolar)

A

Electrons shared equally

59
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Electrons transferred

60
Q

Where do Biological processes largely occur?

A

Aqueous environments in the cell

61
Q

What is water?

A

A dipole

62
Q

Why is water a dipole?

A

Because of its geometry and the difference in electronegativity

63
Q

What permits hydrogen bonding in water?

A

Partial positive hydrogen, and partial negative oxygen

64
Q

Are hydrogen bonds stronger than covalent bonds?

A

No

65
Q

What is the energy in covalent bonds?

A

~400 kJ/mol

66
Q

What is the energy in hydrogen bonds?

A

~20 kJ/mol

67
Q

What is the average lifetime of a hydrogen bond in liquid water?

A

10^-12 seconds

68
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

69
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

70
Q

Amphiphilic

A

Characteristics that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobiic

71
Q

Alanine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

72
Q

Valine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

73
Q

Leucine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

74
Q

Isoleucine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

75
Q

Proline (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

76
Q

Methionine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

77
Q

Phenylalanine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

78
Q

Tryptophan (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

79
Q

Glycine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Hydrophobic

80
Q

Serine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

81
Q

Threonine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

82
Q

Cystine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

83
Q

Tyrosine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

84
Q

Asparagine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

85
Q

Glutamine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar. uncharged

86
Q

Histidine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, uncharged

87
Q

Aspartate (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, charged

88
Q

Glutamate (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, charged

89
Q

Lysine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, charged

90
Q

Arginine (H, PU, or PC)

A

Polar, charged

91
Q

Based on what are amino acids categorized?

A

R groups

Introduction to Biochemistry (10 decks)

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