Amino Acids Flashcards
1
Q
What are proteins polymers of?
A
Amino Acids
2
Q
How many amino acids are there?
A
20
3
Q
What do all amino acids contain? (1 out 4)
A
An amino group (basic)
4
Q
What do all amino acids contain? (2 out 4)
A
A carboxyl group (acidic)
5
Q
What do all amino acids contain? (3 out 4)
A
Alpha Carbon (attached H atom)
6
Q
What do all amino acids contain? (4 out 4)
A
R group (variable)
7
Q
What does the alpha carbon of each amino acid have?
A
A tetrahedral geometry
8
Q
Fisher Projection
A
Geometry around carbon in specific way
9
Q
What are amino acids given?
A
One-letter and three-letter abbreviations
10
Q
Glycine
A
G (Gly)
11
Q
Alanine
A
A (Ala)
12
Q
Valine
A
V (Val)
13
Q
Leucine
A
L (Leu)
14
Q
Isoleucine
A
I (Ile)
15
Q
Methionine
A
M (Met)
16
Q
Phenylalanine
A
F (Phe)
17
Q
Proline
A
P (Pro)
18
Q
Serine
A
S (Ser)
19
Q
Threonine
A
T (Thr)
20
Q
Cystine
A
C (Cys)
21
Q
Asparagine
A
N (Asn)
22
Q
Glutamine
A
Q (Gln)
23
Q
Tyrosine
A
Y (Tyr)
24
Q
Tryptophan
A
W (Trp)
25
Aspartate
D (Asp)
26
Glutamate
E (Glu)
27
Histidine
H (His)
28
Lysine
K (Lys)
29
Arginine
R (Arg)
30
What are some organisms that can make all 20 amino acids?
Bacteria, Yeast, and Plants
31
Essential Amino Acids
Can not be made; obtained through diet
32
Nonessential Amino Acids
Can be made
33
What pathway are Phe and Tyr made from?
Shikimic Acid Pathway
34
Arginine (E or NE)
Essential
35
Histidine (E or NE)
Essential
36
Isoleucine (E or NE)
Essential
37
Leucine (E or NE)
Essential
38
Lysine (E or NE)
Essential
39
Methionine (E or NE)
Essental
40
Phenylalanine (E or NE)
Essential
41
Threonine (E or NE)
Essential
42
Tryptophan (E or NE)
Essential
43
Valine (E or NE)
Essential
44
Alanine (E or NE)
Nonessential
45
Asparagine (E or NE)
Nonessential
46
Aspartate (E or NE)
Nonessential
47
Cysteine (E or NE)
Nonessential
48
Glutamine (E or NE)
Nonessential
49
Glutamate (E or NE)
Nonessential
50
Glycine (E or NE)
Nonessential
51
Proline (E or NE)
Nonessential
52
Serine (E or NE)
Nonessential
53
Tyrosine (E or NE)
Nonessential
54
What is required for the production of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine?
Ascorbic Acid (Viitamin C)
55
Scurvy
A deficiency in vitamin C
56
Polar
Unequal distribution of electrons
57
Polarity
Describes how electrons are shared or transferred between two atoms
58
Pure Covalent Bond (Nonpolar)
Electrons shared equally
59
Ionic Bond
Electrons transferred
60
Where do Biological processes largely occur?
Aqueous environments in the cell
61
What is water?
A dipole
62
Why is water a dipole?
Because of its geometry and the difference in electronegativity
63
What permits hydrogen bonding in water?
Partial positive hydrogen, and partial negative oxygen
64
Are hydrogen bonds stronger than covalent bonds?
No
65
What is the energy in covalent bonds?
~400 kJ/mol
66
What is the energy in hydrogen bonds?
~20 kJ/mol
67
What is the average lifetime of a hydrogen bond in liquid water?
10^-12 seconds
68
Hydrophilic
Water loving
69
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
70
Amphiphilic
Characteristics that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobiic
71
Alanine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
72
Valine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
73
Leucine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
74
Isoleucine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
75
Proline (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
76
Methionine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
77
Phenylalanine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
78
Tryptophan (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
79
Glycine (H, PU, or PC)
Hydrophobic
80
Serine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
81
Threonine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
82
Cystine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
83
Tyrosine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
84
Asparagine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
85
Glutamine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar. uncharged
86
Histidine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, uncharged
87
Aspartate (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, charged
88
Glutamate (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, charged
89
Lysine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, charged
90
Arginine (H, PU, or PC)
Polar, charged
91
Based on what are amino acids categorized?
R groups
