Central Dogma

Question 1

DNA carries ____ to “make” an organism

Answer 1

information

Question 2

RNA carries the information to the ______ (in eukaryotes)

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

Errors can occur by: 

Answer 3

Chemical mutagens, UV light, ionizing radiation, errors in replication, or DNA insertional events

Question 4

What is another word for error?

Answer 4

Mutations

Question 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 5

Carries the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins (5% to 10% of cellular RNA)

Question 6

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 6

Decodes mRNA during proteins synthesis (10 to 15%)

Question 7

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 7

Complexed with proteins (75-80% of cellular RNA)

Question 8

How many possible codon combinations are there? 

Answer 8

64 

Question 9

What is the first codon and RNA?

Answer 9

AUG (ATG in DNA)

Question 10

What does the first codon establish?

Answer 10

Correct reading frame 

Question 11

_____ must initiate translation at correct AUG

Answer 11

Ribosomes 

Question 12

Open reading frame

Answer 12

A sequence starting with AUG (ATG) and ending with a stop codon

Question 13

What do mutations do within open reading frames?

Answer 13

Mutations alter the sequence of mRNAs

Question 14

Missense mutations

Answer 14

Amino acid changes in proteins

Question 15

Nonsense mutations

Answer 15

Premature stop codons

Question 16

Silent mutation

Answer 16

No changes at all

Question 17

What do missense mutations in nonsense mutations lead to?

Answer 17

Genetic diseases

Question 18

Frame shift mutation

Answer 18

Caused by deletion or insertion of nucleotides in number is not divisible by three