SC8 #3 Digestive & Excretory System Flashcards
What are the 5 nutrients necessary for your body?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals
What are carbohydrates?
Quickest source of energy
What do proteins do?
Builds muscles, skin, hair and nails
What are fats and what do they do?
Stored energy, builds cell membranes
What do vitamins do?
Keeps body healthy and strong
What do minerals do?
Keeps body healthy and strong
What is the first step in the digestive system and what happens?
Ingestion: food is taken into the mouth
What is the second step in the digestive system and what happens?
Digestion: 1) teeth grind food and turns it into bolus
2) saliva mixes with bolus
3) bolus is pushed through the esophagus by peristalsis
4) in the stomach, bolus mixes with gastric juice and turns into chyme
5) chyme enters the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) where it breaks down by substances produced by liver and pancreas
What is bolus?
A small mass of substance
What is peristalsis?
Constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine, makes wave-like movements
What is pepsin?
Enzyme that breaks down protein
What does HCI do?
Makes an acidic condition
What does mucus do?
Protects the stomach
What is the third step in the digestive system and what happens?
Absorbtion:
1) nutrients are absorbed in the rest of the small intestine
2) undigested food enters the large intestine where water and minerals are absorbed
What is villi?
Folds and increases surface area. Walls of small intestine are lined with villi
