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Biology > Chapter 5.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 5.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How long does it take for a baby snake to shed its skin

A

Twice a month

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2
Q

What is the boulengerula taitanus

A

A leg less underground amphibian found in kenya

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3
Q

What is special about boulengerula taitanus

A

They peel and eat their momas skin

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4
Q

Describe the moma boulengerula taitanus

A

The skin is rich in fat

Loses 14% body weight

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5
Q

Describe the boulengerula taitanus teeth

A

Spoon shaped: scraping
Spike points: piercing skin
Grappling hooks: staying attached to the mom

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6
Q

How does the new skin grow

A

Cell division

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7
Q

What is cell division controlled by

A

Specialized proteins in the nucleus

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8
Q

When do your cells start dividing

A

Begin as fertilized eggs

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9
Q

What happens after puberty

A

Body growth slows

Still continued to replace cells like skin cell, stomach cells, and intestinal cells

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10
Q

Which cells right not continue to Divide when you’re an adult

A

Muscle and nerve cells but they still continue functions for survival

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11
Q

What is the life span of a skin cell

A

20 days

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12
Q

What is the life span of a liver cell

A

200 days

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13
Q

What is the life span of a brain cell

A

30-50 years

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14
Q

What is the life span on red blood cells

A

120 days

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15
Q

What is the life span of stomach lining cells

A

2 days

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16
Q

What is the life span of intestinal lining cells

A

3 days

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17
Q

What are the 3 stages of cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

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18
Q

Give an example for interphase

A

Cell in stomach lining making and real easing enzymes that digest food

19
Q

What percent of dust at home is flakes of skin

A

70%

20
Q

What is the job of interphase

A

Cells carry functions necessary for survival and cells that divide prepare for reproduction

21
Q

What is mitosis

A
  • Divides the duplicated contents on cells nucleus into two
  • Shortest step
  • Two daughter nuclei with same number and kinds of chromosomes, identical to parent
22
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

Separates two nuclei and cell contents into 2 daughter cells

23
Q

Describe the first phase of interphase

A

Growth and preparation

  • Cell gets bigger
  • Makes proteins and molecules for cell function
  • Some organelles begin to duplicate
24
Q

How long does it take for a snake to shed its skin

A

3-4 times a year

24
Q

Describe the second phase of interphase

A

Replication

  • Cell copies 3 billion base pairs DNA in nucleus so it has 2 sets of DNA
  • DNA unwinds, ladder breaks apart and each side becomes a pattern or template on new side formed
  • Resultes in two DNA molecules that have same sequence of base original DNA have
  • Idenital copy of gene
25
Q

Describe the last step of interphase

A

Continued Growth and Preparation

  • Continues to grow
  • Makes proteins that will be formed after cytokinesis
  • Chromatin in loosely coiled form so DNA can be copied to RNA so proteins made for cell division
  • Mitochondrion, chloroplasts duplicated
26
Q

What is the centromere

A
  • Joins sister chromatids

- Organize spindle fibres during mitosis

27
Q

What is the sister chromatids

A

Ends of chromosome like the

X the points ya

28
Q

What are the phases of mitosis

A 
Early prophase
Late prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
29
Q

Describe early prophase

A
  • Replicated chromosomes coil into X shape
  • Nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane begins to break down
  • Spindle fibres stretch access cell from centrioles that have moved opposite ends of cell
30
Q

Describe late prophase

A
  • Spindle fibres complete forming
  • Chromosomes attach spindle fibres to centromere
  • Nuclear membrane disappears
31
Q

Describe metaphase

A

-Spindle fibres tug chromosomes into middle of cell

32
Q

Describe anaphase

A
  • Spindle fibres pulls centromeres apart allowing sister chromatids to move opposite poles of cell
  • once seperated, sister chromatids is chromosomes
33
Q

Describe telophase

A
  • Complete set chromosomes at each pole
  • Spindle fibres disappears
  • Nucleur membrane formed around each set chromosomes
  • Nucleolus appears in each nucleus
34
Q

What do checkpoints in cells do

A

-Special proteins at check points monitor cell activity and info to the nucleus

35
Q

When will cells NOT divide

A
  • not enough nutrients for cell growth
  • DNA in nucleus has not been replicated
  • DNA damaged
  • chromosomes haven’t attached to spindle fibres in metaphase
  • chromosomes haven’t moved to poles in anaphase
36
Q

What happens if a mutation occurs in gene producing instructions for checkpoint protein

A

Cell cycle control lost, cell may divide uncontrollably

37
Q

What is cancer

A
  • Certain disease that is uncontrolled division

- Do not respond to message from nearby cells so they begin to grow multiple layers forming a tumour

38
Q

Describe cancer cells

A
  • large abnormal nuclei, result in cell division before checkpoints don’t function and chromosomes divide incorrectly
  • not specialized, do not function as part of your body because doesn’t make that protein for that cell
39
Q

How does a tumour form

A
  • cancer cells release chemicals to attract nearby blood vessels that branch out in tumour and deliver nutrients
  • nutrients feed tumour and divide more quickly
40
Q

How can cancer spread to other parts of your body

A

If some tumour cells break away and blood vessels carry to a new location where they divide and form a new tumour

41
Q

What is a potential treatment for cancer

A

Drugs that block cell division in cancer cell preventing a tumour forming

42
Q

Describe cytokinesis

A
  • Seperates two nucleus into daughter cells
  • Identical to parent cell
  • Animal cell: cell membrane pinch together to divide cell cytoplasm and organelles

Biology (18 decks)

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