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gcse chemistry > sc7, types of substances (paper 1 and 2) > Flashcards

sc7, types of substances (paper 1 and 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

describe the physical properties of simple molecular covalent

A

low melting and boiling points (weak intermolecular forces)

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2
Q

describe the physical properties of giant covalent molecular

A

high melting and boiling points

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3
Q

describe the physical properties of metallic

A

high melting anf boiling points

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4
Q

describe the solubility of simple molecular covalent

A

a few are soluble in water

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5
Q

describe the solubility of giant covalent molecular

A

insoluble in water

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6
Q

describe the solubility of metallic

A

insoluble in water

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7
Q

describe the conductivity of simple molecular covalent

A

most don’t conduct heat and electricity

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8
Q

describe the conductivity of giant covalent molecular

A

most don’t conduct heat and electricity

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9
Q

describe the conductivity of metallic

A

conduct in solid and liquid

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10
Q

describe where simple molecular covalent structures can be found

A

most non-metal elements and compounds

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11
Q

describe where giant covalent molecular structures can be found

A

a few non-metal elements and compounds

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12
Q

describe where metallic structures can be found

A

in all metals

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13
Q

describe the structure of simple molecular covalent

A

molecules consisting of a few atoms

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14
Q

describe the structure of giant covalent molecular

A

billions of atoms held together in a lattice structure in covalent bonds

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15
Q

describe the structure of metallic

A
  • billions of ion held together with electrostatic forces
  • in a giant lattice structure of positive ions in a sea of delocalized electrons
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16
Q

explain why metallic structures are malleable/ductile

A

layers of positive ions / atoms can slide over each other

17
Q

define allotrope

A

different structurak forms of the same element in the same physical state

18
Q

what are the two main examples of allotropes of carbon

A

diamond and graphite

19
Q

what types of structures are diamond and graphite

A

giant covalent structure

20
Q

properties of diamond

A
  • each atom covalently bonded to four others
  • high melting + boiling points
  • hard
  • sparkly in light
  • doesn’t conduct
21
Q

properties of graphite

A
  • each weakly atom covalently bonded to three others
  • high melting point
  • slippery, soft
  • can conduct (each element has 1 delocalized electron)
22
Q

define fullerene

A

when a sheet a graphite (graphene) can be isolated and made into other structures

23
Q

what are the two main examples of fullerenes of graphite

A

buckyballs (more specifically buckministerfullerene, C60) and nanotubes

23
Q

how can molecules also form polymers

A

they are made of monomers, repeating units of small, simple molecules joined in a chain

24
Q

properties of buckyballs (buckministerfullerene, C60)

A
  • can conduct
  • soft in solid state because of weak intermolecular forces
25
Q

properties of nanotubes

A
  • can conduct
  • very strong because of many strong covalent bonds
26
Q

why do some metals dissolve in water

A

because they react with water to produce soluble metal hydroxides

27
Q

what are the different bonding models

A
  • drawn/structural formula
  • dot and cross
  • space filling model
  • ball and stick model
28
Q

advantages of drawn/structural formula

A
  • shows formula of element/compound
  • shows numbers of atoms in each molecule
29
Q

advantages of dot and cross

A
  • shows symbol, bond and formula for each atom
  • shows non bonding pairs
30
Q

advantages of space filling model

A
  • more accurate size of atoms relative to the bonds
31
Q

advantages of ball and stick model

A
  • shows how each atom is bonded to others
  • shows three dimensional shape
32
Q

disadvantages of drawn/structural formula

A
  • no three dimensional shape
  • no bonding and non bonding electrons
33
Q

disadvantages of dot and cross

A
  • inaccurate molecule shape
  • no three dimensional shape
34
Q

disadvantages of space filling model

A
  • may not see all atoms
35
Q

disadvantages of ball and stick model

A
  • doesn’t show bonding electrons
  • doesn’t show chemical symbol

gcse chemistry (27 decks)

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