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gcse chemistry > sc11, obtaining and using metals (paper 1) > Flashcards

sc11, obtaining and using metals (paper 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

state the order of metals from most reactive to least reactive

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • aluminium
  • carbon
  • zinc
  • iron
  • tin
  • lead
  • hydrogen
  • copper
  • silver
  • gold
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2
Q

mnemonic for metal reactivity

A

please stop calling me a careless zebra instead try learning how copper saves gold

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3
Q

what does a metal and water produce

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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4
Q

what does a metal and acid produce

A

salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

is the rate of reaction greater in warm acids or cold acids

A

warm acids

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6
Q

true or false: the more reactive the metal, the easier it forms cations

A

true

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7
Q

true or false: the more reactive the metal, the harder it forms cations

A

false

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8
Q

what is an ore

A

a rock that contains enough of a compounds to extract a metal for profit

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9
Q

how can we extract metals less reactive than carbon

A

through reduction by heating it with carbon

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10
Q

why don’t we often reduce copper oxide to copper with hydrogen

A

because it’s hazardous

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11
Q

how can we reduce iron oxide

A

using carbon in a blast surface

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12
Q

give the word equation for reducing iron oxide using carbon in a blast surface

A

iron oxide + carbon –> (molten) iron + carbon monoxide

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13
Q

give the symbol equation for reducing iron oxide using carbon in a blast surface

A

Fe2O3 (s) + 3C (s) –> 2Fe (l) + 3CO (g)

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14
Q

how else can we reduce iron oxide except using carbon in a blast surface

A

reduce by carbon monoxide

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15
Q

give the word equation for reducing iron oxide using carbon monoxide

A

iron oxide + carbon monoxide –> (molten) iron + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

give the symbol equation for reducing iron oxide using carbon monoxide

A

Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) –> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)

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17
Q

for metals more reactive than carbon, how do we extract it

A

electrolysis

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18
Q

true or false: a high grade ore means a high proportion of metal/metal compounds

A

true

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19
Q

true or false: a low grade ore means a low proportion of metal/metal compounds

A

true

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20
Q

true or false: a high grade ore means a low proportion of metal/metal compounds

A

false

21
Q

true or false: a low grade ore means a high proportion of metal/metal compounds

A

false

22
Q

general properties of low grade ores

A
  • more common
  • less profitable
  • use more energy
  • produce more waste when used
23
Q

what are the two biological methods of extracting metal from ores

A

phytoextraction and bioleaching

24
Q

steps of phytoextraction

A
  • grow plants that absorb metal compounds in roots
  • plants concentrate metal compounds in its shoots and leaves
  • plant is burned to form ash
  • from which the metal is extracted from
25
Q

steps of bioleaching

A
  • using bacteria grown on a low grade ore
  • that produces a solution containing metal ions, called leachate
  • metal is extracted from the leachate using scrap iron
26
Q

advantages of bioleaching

A

cheaper

27
Q

disadvantages of bioleaching

A
  • slow
  • produces toxic substances (e.g sulfuric acid)
28
Q

advantages of phytoextraction

A

doesn’t cause mining problems

29
Q

disadvantages of phytoextraction

A

slow

30
Q

why are we using biological methods for extracting metals

A
  • we are running out of high grade copper ores
  • electrolysis is too expensive for low grade ores
31
Q

what is corrosion

A
  • when a metal reacts with surrounding substnces such as air and water
  • making the metal weaker over time
  • also a result from oxidation
32
Q

true or false: more reactive metals easily corrode

A

true

33
Q

true or false: less reactive metals easily corrode

A

false

34
Q

what is the corrosion of iron and steel called

A

rusting

35
Q

what does rusting require

A

oxygen and water

36
Q

why doesn’t aluminium corrode

A

their surfaces have a protective oxide layer in tarnish which prevents further reactions

37
Q

define tarnish

A

not shiny

38
Q

why are unreactive metals found in their native state

A

they can’t combine or react with other metals

39
Q

true or false: carbon cannot reduce metals more reactive than itself

A

true

40
Q

true or false: carbon can reduce metals more reactive than itself

A

false

41
Q

disadvantages of extracting metals from their ores

A
  • uses up limites resources
  • uses a lot of energy
  • damages the environment (waste rock and carbon dioxide)
42
Q

advantages of recycling metals

A
  • metal ores last longer
  • less energy is needed
  • less land
  • less noise and dust
  • fewer quarries and mines
  • saved energy
43
Q

disadvantages of recycling metals

A
  • used metal itoms must be collected and transported to the recycling centre
  • different metals must be removed from used items and sorted
  • recycling saved different amounts of energy, depending on the metal involved
44
Q

what does LCA stand for

A

life-cycle assessment

45
Q

steps of LCA

A
  • obtaining raw materials
  • manufacturing the product
  • using the product
  • disposing of the producr
46
Q

what data does LCA NEED

A
  • use of energy
  • release of waste materials
  • transport/storage in most/all stages
47
Q

what data does LCA LIKELY to need

A
  • whether the raw materials are renewable or non-renewable
  • if the product can be recycled or re-used
  • how the product is disposed of
48
Q

reasons for obtaining LCA’s

A
  • identifying alternative materials with less impact
  • identify a stage which could be improved

gcse chemistry (27 decks)

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