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Private Pilot > SC C. Weather Information > Flashcards

SC C. Weather Information Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

What are some acceptable sources of weather information for flight planning?

A

Weather briefer, 1800wxbrief.com, foreflight, aviationweather.gov

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2
Q

What is 91.103?

A

A. PIC shall, prior to flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight
B. NW KRAFT

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3
Q

While enroute, how can a pilot obtain updated weather information?

A
  • FSS
  • ATIS (ASOS)
  • HIWAS (Hazardous inflight weather advisory service)
  • ATC
  • ADSB/Foreflight
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4
Q

What is a METAR?

A

Hourly surface observation at an airport

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5
Q

What are the types of METARS?

A

Routine & SPECI (rapidly changing WX information)

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6
Q

What’s the difference between AO1 and AO2?

A

AO1 = no precipitation discriminator
AO2 = precipitation discriminator (Can tell rain vs snow)

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7
Q

What does $ mean?

A

Maintenance needed on system

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8
Q

What is a PIREP, and where can you locate them?

A
  • Pilot report
  • Types: UA-routine; UUA-Urgent
  • Aviationweather.gov
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9
Q

What is a TAF?

A
  • Terminal Aerodrome Forecast, expected WX conditions for specified time period
  • Covers area of 5 SM from center or airports runway complex
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10
Q

How often are TAFs issued, and how long are they valid?

A
  • Issued 4x a day (every 6 hours)
  • Valid for either 24 or 30 hours
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11
Q

What does TEMPO mean?

A

Used for any conditions expected to last less than an hour, and occur during less than half the time period

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12
Q

What does BECMG mean?

A

Used when a gradual change in conditions is expected over a longer time period (usually 2 hours)

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13
Q

What does FM (from) mean?

A

Used when a rapid change, usually occurring in less than an hour is expected

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14
Q

What is an AIRMET?

A

A notice of potentially hazardous WX conditions along a planned route of flight. Potentially dangerous to GA. More informational for airliners.

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15
Q

What are the types of AIRMETs?

A

Sierra - IFR conditions & Mountain obstructions
Tango - Moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 kts or greater, low level wind shear
Zulu - Moderate icing and freezing level heights

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16
Q

What is a SIGMET?

A
  • Advises of WX that is potentially dangerous to ALL aircraft
  • Unscheduled, valid for 4 hours (tropical cyclones, hurricanes, volcanic ash, 6 hours)
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17
Q

What are SIGMETs issued for?

A
  • Severe icing
  • Severe or extreme turbulence
  • Widespread dust storms/sand storms with visibility less than 3 miles
  • Volcanic ash
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18
Q

What is a Convective SIGMET?

A

Dangerous WX associated with a thunderstorm or convective activity

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19
Q

What is a convective SIGMET issued for?

A
  • Severe thunder storms
  • Embedded thunder storms
  • Surface winds >= 50 kts
  • Hail > 3/4 inch diameter
  • Tornados
  • Precipitation affecting 40% or more of an area at least 3000sq miles
20
Q

What are VFR flight conditions?

A

Ceiling: >3000’
Visibility: >5 miles

21
Q

What are MVFR flight conditions?

A

Ceiling: 1000-3000’
Visibility: 3-5 miles

22
Q

What are IFR flight conditions?

A

Ceiling: 500-less than 1000’
Visibility: 1-less than 3 miles

23
Q

What are LIFR flight conditions?

A

Ceiling: < 500’
Visibility: < 1 mile

24
Q

What is a surface analysis chart? How often are they issued?

A

Computer generated charts with frontal and pressure analysis. Every 3 hours

25
Q

What is a front?

A

A boundary separating two masses of air. Depicted using various colored triangles and half circles

26
Q

What are the lines shown on a surface analysis chart?

A

Isobars, lines connect areas of equal or constant barometric pressure

27
Q

Difference between isobars that are close vs far apart?

A

close = steep pressure gradient exists. Indicates higher wind speeds
far = Shallow pressure gradient. Indicates wind speeds are lower

28
Q

Which way does the wind move in relation to isobars?

A

Angled due to surface friction

29
Q

What are the characteristics of high and low pressure systems? (how the air flows)

A

HP = Outward, downward, clockwise
LP = Inward, upward, counter clockwise

30
Q

What’s an occluded front?

A

Occurs when a fast moving cold front catches up with a slow moving warm front

31
Q

What is a ridge? a trough?

A

Ridge = Elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure
Trough = Elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure

32
Q

What is the effect of stable and unstable air on clouds, turbulence, precipitation, and visibility?

A

Stable = Stratiform, smooth, steady, fair to poor
Unstable = Cumuliform, rough, showery, good visibility

33
Q

What type of weather is typically associated with warm fronts?

A

Stratiform clouds, drizzle, low ceilings, poor visibility, variable winds, rise in temp

34
Q

What type of weather is typically associated with cold fronts?

A

Cumulus & cumulonimbus clouds, heavy rain, TS, tornados, hail, variable/gusting winds, temp/DP & barometric pressure drop rapidly

35
Q

What are some types of fog?

A
  • Steam fog - formed when very cold air moves over warmer water “sea smoke”
  • Upslope - Forms as a result of moist stable air being cooled as it moves up sloping terrain. When upslope wind ceases, fog dissipates. Quite dense and extends to high altitudes.
  • Precipetation - ain falls through cold and dry air. The increased moisture leads to an increase in the dew point, causing saturation and the formation of fog
  • Radiation - ground cools the adjacent air to the dew point on calm clear nights
  • Advection - results from transport of warm humid air over a cold surface. Forms primarily along costal areas during the winter
  • Frontal - Frontal fog forms during the transition of a warm or cold front. Warmer rain falls into colder air, evaporating and raising the dew point, leading to saturation
36
Q

What is standard temp. and pressure?

A

15C (59F) & 29.92”Hg

37
Q

What type of weather is associated with area of low pressure? high Pressure?

A

Low = Characterized by rising air, conducive to cloudiness, precipitation, and bad weather
High = Characterized by descending air, and favors dissipation of cloudiness and good weather

38
Q

What are the different types of aircraft icing?

A
  • Structural
  • Induction
  • Instrument
39
Q

Different categories of structural icing? and when do they occur?

A

Clear - Forms after initial impact when the remaining liquid portion of the drop flows out over the aircraft surfaces, gradually freezing as a smooth sheet of solid ice.
Rime - Forms when drops are small (low moisture), such as those in light drizzle. Rapidly freezes before drop has time to spread out over a/c surface.
Mixed - Forms when drops vary in size or when liquid drops are intermingled with snow or ice particles

40
Q

What should you do if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions?

A
  • Leave area of visible moisture
  • Turn on any anti-icing equipment
41
Q

Which icing is most dangerous?

A

Clear: heavy, high moisture, hard to clear from surfaces, dramatically changes lift/drag, hard to see

42
Q

Is frost dangerous?

A

Yes, while it doesn’t change the aerodynamics/shape of the wing. It creates a roughness on the surface that can disrupt smooth air flow, thus creating a loss of lift

43
Q

What is needed for a thunder storm to occur?

A
  • Sufficient moisture
  • Unstable lapse ratee / atmosphere
  • Lifting mechanism
44
Q

What are the stages of thunderstorms?

A
  • Cumulus
  • Mature
  • Dissipating
45
Q

How far away should you stay away from a TS in flight?

A

20 miles (minimum)

Private Pilot (9 decks)

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