SBO ORAL Flashcards
Introduce the heart
Location: Inferior medial mediastinal space, 2/3 to the left between ribs 3-5.
Structure: Pyramid in shape with 2 valve system that receives poorly oxygenated blood to pump to the lungs and pump out oxygenated blood to supply the body.
A heart is made of 3 main layers Pericardium, Myocardium, endocardium.
Function: Propell blood around the body
What are the surfaces of the heart
4 surfaces: Sternocostal (rt ventricle), Diaphramatic (Lt- Rt ventricle) Rt Pulmonary (rt Atrium) Lt Pulmonary (lt ventricle)
What are the borders of the heart
4 Borders Superior (rt-lt auricle) Inferior (Rt - Lt ventricle) Right (Rt atrium) Left (Lt ventricle and auricle)
What is the arterial supply to the heart?
2 coronary arteries that originate from the right and left coronary sinus in the ascending aorta.
The Left coronary artery branches mainly into the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular artery. Supplies Lt atrium and most of the lt ventricle and part of the rt ventricle. In 40%of people the SA node.
The right coronary artery exits on the right coronary sinus and moves posteriorly and branches into the rt marginal branch, and then the posterior interventricular branch. Supplies Rt atrium and most of the Rt ventricle and some of the Lt ventricle. In 60%of people the SA node.
Wat is the venous supply to the heart?
Coronary sinus runs lt to Rt in the posterior aspect of the heart where it enters the right atrium. On the anterior aspect, we have the great cardiac vein (ant. interventricular) that ascend to the coronary sulcus and accompanies circumflex artery posterior to become the coronary sinus.
The posterior aspect has the middle cardiac vein (post. interventricular) and the small cardiac vein (Rt border) accompanies the marginal artery.
What are the structures of the heart
Pericardium Atrium ventricle Valves Vena cava Pulmonary Artery + vein Aorta Ascending, arch, descending Pulmonary trunk Papillary muscles Chordae tendinae
What are the layers of the heart
Pericardium
- Fibrous
- Serous
- Parietal
- Visceral
Myocardium
EndocardiumIntroduce the Mediastinum
Location: central compartment of the thoracic cavity found between the lungs.
Structure: Includes all thoracic viscera except for the lungs. Divided into 2 main compartments sup/ inf divided by the angle of Loui, and inf divide x3
Function: Anatomical space that holds the heart and great vessels, a mobile area that allows for air passage and accommodates volume movement and pressure changes.
What are the borders of the mediastinum
Superior: Thoracic inlet
Inferiorly: diaphragm
Anteriorly Sternocostal
Posteriorly Thoracic vertebrae
What are the structures of the mediastinum?
Superior:
- Trachea and bifurcation
Inferior:
- *Thymus
- **Heart and great vessels
- lung roots
- ***Oesophagus
- Lymph nodes
- Phrenic
- vagus N.
Introduce the breast?
Location: subcutaneous tissue anterior to the pecs and serratus anterior
Structure: Connective and adipose tissue
Function: Female reproduction organ
What are the structures of the breast?
Nipple Areola Areola glands Suspensory ligaments Lactiferous ducts gland lobules
Introduce the diaphragm?
Location: between the thorax and the abdomen.
Structure: 2 domes named demi diaphragm, and a central clover shape tendon. Made of skeletal muscle.
Function: Respiration, support lungs, separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal area.
What are the borders of the diaphragm
Costal: the internal surface of inferior 6 costal cartilage and ribs.
Lumbar: All lumbar spine - crura
Sternal: xiphoid process
Insertion: central tendon
Nerve supply to the diaphragm?
Central: Phrenic Nerve C3, C4, C5
Pheripheral: Inferior 6 intercostal and subcostal.
