MCQ Flashcards
Which of the following hormones is responsible for milk ejection?
a) Follicle stimulating hormone
b) Prolactin
c) Oxytocin
d) Oestrogen
c)Oxytocin
Consider the hormone responsible for milk ejection. This hormone is released from the:
a) Anterior Pituitary
b) Posterior Pituitary
c) Hypothalamus
d) Ovaries
b) Posterior Pituitary
Which nerves are responsible for the cutaneous nerve supply to the back (thoracic region)?
a) Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
b) Intercostal nerves
c) Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves
d) The thoracodorsal and long thoracic nerves
c) Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Which of the following neural structures are considered part of the craniosacral outflow?
a) Pelvic splanchnic nerves
b) Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
c) Solitary nuclei of CNVII, CNIX and CNX
d) Sacral paravertebral ganglia
A) Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Which of the following effects arise from parasympathetic stimulation?
a) Peripheral vasoconstriction
b) Pupillary constriction
c) Peripheral vasodilation
d) Pupillary dilation
e) Both B & C are caused by parasympathetic stimulation
b)Pupillary constriction
Q. Intercostal nerves are the direct continuation of which neural structures?
a) Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
b) Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
c) Left and right phrenic nerves
d) Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves
a) Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Q. From an embryological perspective, the epidermis of the skin covering the thoracic cage is derived from the:
a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Somite
d) Somatic mesoderm
b) Ectoderm
Q. Which of the following tumours commonly spreads to the thoracic spine?
a) Brain
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Cervix
c) Lung
Q. Consider the efferent pathway that increases the activity of the heart. Select the most correct statement below.
a) The pathway originates in the dorsal motor nucleus
b) The pathway originates in the paravertebral ganglia at the levels of T1-6
c) The pathway originates in the lateral horns of the upper thoracic segments
d) The pathway originates in the lateral horns of T1-L2
c) The pathway originates in the lateral horns of the upper thoracic segments
Q. Consider the neural pathway of CNX when it provides thoracic viscera with motor nerve supply. What type of receptor is stimulated by this pathway at the target organ?
a) Nicotinic
b) Adrenergic
c) Dopaminergic
d) Muscarinic
d) Muscarinic
Q. The Bundle of His is located:
a) In the right atrial wall, just inferior to the entrance of the SVC
b) Beneath the endocardium of the ventricles
c) In the inferior portion of the interatrial septum, above the tricuspid valve
d) In the superior part of the interventricular septum
d) In the superior part of the interventricular septum
Q. On an ECG, the P wave is caused by:
a) Atrial depolarisation
b) Atrial contraction
c) Ventricular depolarisation
d) Ventricular contraction
a) Atrial depolarisation
Q. The carotid sinus is located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. The carotid sinus contains numerous:
a) Thermoreceptors
b) Baroreceptors
c) Chemoreceptors
d) Nociceptors
b) Baroreceptors
Q. Visceral afferent fibres convey sensory information from the carotid sinus to the central nervous system. These visceral afferent fibres travel as part of the:
a) Facial nerve
b) Glossopharyngeal nerve
c) Vagus nerve
d) Accessory nerve
b) Glossopharyngeal nerve
Q. Visceral afferent fibres convey sensory information from the carotid sinus to the central nervous system. The cell bodies of these nerves are located in the:
a) Spinal trigeminal nucleus
b) Solitary nucleus
c) Dorsal vagal nucleus
d) Nucleus ambiguus
b) Solitary nucleus
In a healthy heart, the beginning of ventricular systole is associated with:
The closure of the semilunar valves
The second heart sound (S2)
The opening of the atrioventricular valves
High intra-ventricular pressures
High intra-ventricular pressures
Select the correct statement about capillaries:
Blood flows through true capillaries when pre-capillary sphincters are open
Capillaries are considered the smallest of the arteries
All tissues of the body possess a rich capillary supply for the purpose of nutrient exchange
Capillaries unite to form extremely porous vessels known as arterioles
Blood flows through true capillaries when pre-capillary sphincters are open
The vasomotor centre is located in the:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Hypothalamus
Medulla
The vasomotor centre receives input from:
Higher brain centres and the nucleus ambiguous
The solitary nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus
The solitary nucleus and higher brain centres
The limbic system and the nucleus ambiguous
The solitary nucleus and higher brain centres
The vasomotor centre has neural projections that influence the:
a) The dorsal motor nucleus
b) The dorsal motor nucleus and the lateral horns of T1 – 5/6
c) The dorsal motor nucleus and the lateral horns of T1 – L2
d) The lateral horns T1 – L2
d) The lateral horns T1 – L2
Capillary hydrostatic pressure is:
The pressure exerted by fluid in the interstitial space against the capillary wall
Minimal in healthy individuals
The pressure exerted by plasma proteins (albumin) in capillary blood
The pressure exerted by fluid in the capillary against the capillary wall
The pressure exerted by fluid in the capillary against the capillary wall
Some individuals with right sided heart failure develop pitting oedema in their ankles. The oedema in this situation occurs due to:
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary osmotic pressure
Increased interstitial osmotic pressure
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Q. Select the correct statement about the respiratory zone:
It includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx and trachea
It includes the alveoli of the lung
It is responsible for the cleansing, humidification and warming of incoming air
It provides a conduit for air to reach the sites of gas exchange
It includes the alveoli of the lung
Q. Which of the following situations would result in bronchodilation?
Outflow from the dorsal motor nucleus
Medical treatment with a beta-2 receptor antagonist
Release of adrenaline from the adrenal gland
Outflow from the nucleus ambiguus
Medical treatment with a beta-2 receptor antagonist
