Breast Flashcards
Breast Location and boundaries
Location: Subcutaneous tissue Anterior to Pecs and Serratus anterior
Boundaries:
- Lat. Border of the sternum to Midaxillary line
- vertebral R2 - R6
Tali: Pec Major to axilla
Breast
Arterial Supply
- Anterior intercostal artery,
- Lateral thoracic A
- Thoracolumbar A
- Post. intercostal A.
Breast Structure
Mammary glands (connective + adipose tissue)
Nipple
Areola
Suspensory ligaments
Breast Function
Female: reproduction
M: no function
Nipple: Lactiferus ducts
Breast Venous Drainage
Axillary vein
Internal thoracic vein
Brest Lymphatic Drainage
Subareolar lymphatic plexus
75% drains to pectoral nodes
Breast Nerve supply
Anterior lateral cutaneus blranches
4-5 intercostal Nerves
Nipple structure
Structure: conical prominence, a concentric ring of smooth muscle
Indented with lactiferous ducts
Areola
Lactiferous region around the nipple with 18-20 sebaceous glands
Embryological Origin of
- Mammary Gland
- Breast Skin
- Suspensory Ligaments
- Supporting adipose tissue
- Nerves of the breast
- Mammary Gland: Ectoderm
- Breast Skin: Ectoderm
- Suspensory Ligaments: Mesoderm
- Supporting adipose tissue: Mesoderm
- Nerves of the breast: Ectoderm
Body structures from Embryologic layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm - Nerves - Skin - Glands Mesoderm - Synovial Joints - Endothelium blood and lymph - Cartilage + Bone - Blood - bone marrow - Skeletal, smooth mm. Endoderm Epithelium resp. tract
Name the four hormones that act on the breast, their gland and function.
Post. pituitary gland.
- Oxytocin: Stimulate smooth muscle for ejection of milk
Ant. pituitary gland
- Gonadotropin: stimulate oestrogen +
Progesterone
- Follicle stimulating hormone
- Luteinising Hormone
Prolactin: Produce milk
What is Acute Mastitis?
Definition: Inflammation of a subcutaneous area of the breast from bacterial infection
Mechanism: Breastfeeding, nipple injury, stagnant milk
S&S:
- Inflammation
- hard painful breast abscess
Management;
- Antibiotics
- heat
- drain breast milk
What is Traumatic Fat necrosis?
Definition: Fat Cell death.
Mechanism: resulting from trauma or rupture of the adipose tissue
S&S:
- Inflammatory reaction - followed by calcification
- painless firm lump
What is mammary dysplasia?
Definition: Lumps on breast, cyst, fibrocystic
Mechanism:
- Cyst formation - lactiferous duct dilates
- Epitheliosis - Increase number epithelial cells
- Adenosis - Lobules enlargement
- Fibrosis
S&S: Swelling - Tenderness - lump - Hardening
Management:
