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2: SBL Exam 2 > SBL Extras > Flashcards

SBL Extras Flashcards

1
Q

3 HIV infections w CD4 500+

A

CAP, HSV, Herpes

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2
Q

2 opportunistic infections with CD4 200-500

A

Tb, Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (EBV)

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3
Q

Four opportunistic infections with CD4 <200

A
  1. PJP
  2. Cryptosporidium
  3. Thrush
  4. HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma
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4
Q

Two opportunistic infections with CD4 <100

A
  1. CNS toxoplasmosis

2. Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis

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5
Q

Four opportunistic infections with CD4 <50

A
  1. Primary CNS Lymphoma (EBV)
  2. MAI
  3. CMV retinitis
  4. CMV colitis
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6
Q

Two mutations in melanocytic and dysplastic nevi

A
  1. RAS

2. BRAF

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7
Q

Three types of melanoma with radial growth + short explanation

A
  1. Lentigo maligna: on old man faces
  2. Superficial spreading: most common
  3. Acral/mucosal/lengitignous: not from the sun
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8
Q

What two conditions can a FGFR3 mutation cause?

A

Seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans

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9
Q

What does Birt-Hogg-Dube cause?

A

Skin tags (fibroepithelial polyps)

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10
Q

Six adnexal/appendage tumors and where they are

A
  1. Trichilemmomas (Cowden syndrome): hair follicles
  2. Cylindromas: turban
  3. Eccrine poroma: palms and sole sweat glands
  4. Syringoma: lower eyelids
  5. Sebaceous adenoma: sebaceous glands
  6. Pilomatricoma: hair follicles
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11
Q

Loss of what causes Cowden syndrome?

A

PTEN

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12
Q

Two conditions that can turn into SCC

A
  1. Lichen planus

2. Actinic keratoses

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13
Q

Mutations in SCC vs BCC

A
  1. SCC: p53, Ras (decreases Notch)

2. BCC: Hedgehog, PTCH

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14
Q

Two tumors of the dermis and key things associated with them

A
  1. Dermatofibroma: benign fibrous histocytoma: women’s legs, Dimple sign
  2. DFSP: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: COL1A1 & PDGFB, firm and indurated, slow growing, storiform on histo (school of fish), honeycomb pattern extends into subq
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15
Q

Mutation in KIT RTK causes what?

A

Mastocytosis

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16
Q

Two types of acute eczematous dermatitis

A

Contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis

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17
Q

Two infectious causes of erythema multiforme

A

HSV and mycoplasma

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18
Q

What condition has elongation of rete ridges -> test tubes on a rack

A

Psoriasis

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19
Q

Causes for pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiform, epidermolysis bullosa

A
  1. Vulgaris: auto-Ab IgGs
  2. Bullous pemphigoid: drugs, radiation, UV light
  3. Dermatitis herpetiform: auto-Ab IgAs, celiac
  4. Epidermolysis bullosa: structural protein defects
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20
Q

Six types of panniculitis

A
  1. Erythema nodosum
  2. Erythema induratum
  3. Weber-Christian Dz
  4. Factitial panniculitis
  5. T Cell Lymphoma
  6. SLE
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21
Q

What causes erythema nodosum

A

Delayed hypersensitivity to microbes or drugs

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22
Q

Hallmark of erythema induratum

A

Caseous necrosis in fat

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23
Q

Last resort ectoparasite drug bc high toxicity

A

Lindane

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24
Q

2 drugs that are TRPM8 agonists + 1 drug thats a TRPV1 agonist

A

TRPM8: Menthol, camphor
TRPV1: caspaicin

25
Drug thats a keratolytic and a COX inhibitor
Salicylic acid
26
Drug that causes SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
27
Finasteride vs minoxidil mechanism
Finasteride: DHT inhibitor Minoxidil: K channel opener -> vasodilation + increases anagen (growth) phase
28
Four Paraneoplastic syndromes and their main component that is messed up
1. Humoral hyperCa of malignancy: high TPH-rP 2. SIADH: high ADH 3. Cushing: high ACTH 4. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: anti-VGCC Abs
29
What HIV drug class is HIV2 resistant to?
NNRTIs
30
Typical endings for NRTIs, INSTIs, PIs, and NNRTIa?
1. NRTIs: vudine 2. INSTIs: gravir 3. PIs: navir 4. NNRTIs: virine
31
Mesna drug
Rescue drug for cyclophosphamide; inactivates acrolein formed by it to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
32
Leucovorin
Rescue drug for methotrexate; reduces folate
33
What is allopurinol the rescue drug for and why?
Mercaptopurine; reduce tumor lysis syndrome
34
All the natural products to treat cancer are cell cycle specific. What part of the cell cycle do vinblastine/vincristine, taxanes, camptothecins/epipodophyllotoxins, and asparaginase work in?
1. Vinblastine/cristine: M phase 2. Taxanes: M phase 3. Captothecins and epipodophyllotoxins: S phase 4. Asparaginase: G1 phase
35
Which two classes of CA drugs are all cell cycle specific?
Antimetabolites, natural products
36
Asparaginase treats what?
ALL
37
All antitumor Abx are derived from what?
Streptomyces
38
Four ectoparasite meds and their MOA
1. Malathion: cholinesterase inhibitor 2. Permethrin: Na channel blocker 3. Ivermectin: Cl channel blocker 4. Lindane: GABA interruption
39
Which antifungal do you hold in your mouth and swallow
Nystatin
40
Rosacea and red eye meds: what’s the mechanism of action?
Alpha adrenergic agonists -> vasoconstriction
41
What type of drug is tazarotene?
Topical retinoid
42
Toxicities of topical retinoids vs abx for acne
Topical retinoids: irritation, dryness, sensitivity, flaking | Abx: photosensitivity
43
Which drug do you ingest psoralen with?
PUVA: photochemotherapy for psoriasis
44
Apremilast MOA and for what?
PDE4 inhibitors -> psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
45
Four topical meds for actinic keratoses
1. Fluorouracil 2. Imiquimod 3. Ingenol mebutate 4. Diclofenac
46
Enzymes associated with each of the three antimetabolites
1. Methotrexate: dihydrofolate reductase 2. 5F: Thymidylate synthetase 3. 6MP: HGPRT
47
What do vinca alkaloids and taxanes bind? To do what?
B-tubulin to inhibit vs stabilize microtubule formation
48
Taxane that causes hypersensitivity in hands and toes + change in taste
Paclitaxel
49
Translocation in CML treated by Imatinib
9:22 Philadelphia chromosome: BCR-ABL
50
Three cancer drugs that work on EGFR
1. Erlotinib 2. Gefitinib 3. Cetuximab
51
Two drugs that work on VEGF
1. Ziv-aflibercept | 2. Bevacizumab
52
Alemtuzumab and Gemtuzumab are anti-what?
1. Alemtuzumab: CD52 | 2. Gemtuzumab: CD33
53
Which HIV drug causes major hypersensitivity in pts with HLA B5701
Abacavir
54
Which PI is a sulfa drug and can cause a rash?
Darunavir
55
Two drug classes of HIV meds that mostly induce CYP4A3
PIs, NNRTIs
56
Newest and best NNRTI
Doravirine
57
Why is enfuviritide a last resort HIV drug?
V expensive, must be given parenterally
58
Treatment combo for pts with low HIV copy numbers
Lamivudine + Dolutegravir
59
Superior combination of 2 NRTIs as therapy background
FTC + tenofovir

2: SBL Exam 2 (12 decks)

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