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2: SBL Exam 2 > SBL Extras > Flashcards

SBL Extras Flashcards

1
Q

3 HIV infections w CD4 500+

A

CAP, HSV, Herpes

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2
Q

2 opportunistic infections with CD4 200-500

A

Tb, Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (EBV)

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3
Q

Four opportunistic infections with CD4 <200

A
  1. PJP
  2. Cryptosporidium
  3. Thrush
  4. HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma
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4
Q

Two opportunistic infections with CD4 <100

A
  1. CNS toxoplasmosis

2. Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis

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5
Q

Four opportunistic infections with CD4 <50

A
  1. Primary CNS Lymphoma (EBV)
  2. MAI
  3. CMV retinitis
  4. CMV colitis
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6
Q

Two mutations in melanocytic and dysplastic nevi

A
  1. RAS

2. BRAF

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7
Q

Three types of melanoma with radial growth + short explanation

A
  1. Lentigo maligna: on old man faces
  2. Superficial spreading: most common
  3. Acral/mucosal/lengitignous: not from the sun
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8
Q

What two conditions can a FGFR3 mutation cause?

A

Seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans

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9
Q

What does Birt-Hogg-Dube cause?

A

Skin tags (fibroepithelial polyps)

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10
Q

Six adnexal/appendage tumors and where they are

A
  1. Trichilemmomas (Cowden syndrome): hair follicles
  2. Cylindromas: turban
  3. Eccrine poroma: palms and sole sweat glands
  4. Syringoma: lower eyelids
  5. Sebaceous adenoma: sebaceous glands
  6. Pilomatricoma: hair follicles
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11
Q

Loss of what causes Cowden syndrome?

A

PTEN

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12
Q

Two conditions that can turn into SCC

A
  1. Lichen planus

2. Actinic keratoses

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13
Q

Mutations in SCC vs BCC

A
  1. SCC: p53, Ras (decreases Notch)

2. BCC: Hedgehog, PTCH

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14
Q

Two tumors of the dermis and key things associated with them

A
  1. Dermatofibroma: benign fibrous histocytoma: women’s legs, Dimple sign
  2. DFSP: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: COL1A1 & PDGFB, firm and indurated, slow growing, storiform on histo (school of fish), honeycomb pattern extends into subq
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15
Q

Mutation in KIT RTK causes what?

A

Mastocytosis

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16
Q

Two types of acute eczematous dermatitis

A

Contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis

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17
Q

Two infectious causes of erythema multiforme

A

HSV and mycoplasma

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18
Q

What condition has elongation of rete ridges -> test tubes on a rack

A

Psoriasis

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19
Q

Causes for pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiform, epidermolysis bullosa

A
  1. Vulgaris: auto-Ab IgGs
  2. Bullous pemphigoid: drugs, radiation, UV light
  3. Dermatitis herpetiform: auto-Ab IgAs, celiac
  4. Epidermolysis bullosa: structural protein defects
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20
Q

Six types of panniculitis

A
  1. Erythema nodosum
  2. Erythema induratum
  3. Weber-Christian Dz
  4. Factitial panniculitis
  5. T Cell Lymphoma
  6. SLE
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21
Q

What causes erythema nodosum

A

Delayed hypersensitivity to microbes or drugs

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22
Q

Hallmark of erythema induratum

A

Caseous necrosis in fat

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23
Q

Last resort ectoparasite drug bc high toxicity

A

Lindane

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24
Q

2 drugs that are TRPM8 agonists + 1 drug thats a TRPV1 agonist

A

TRPM8: Menthol, camphor
TRPV1: caspaicin

25
Q

Drug thats a keratolytic and a COX inhibitor

A

Salicylic acid

26
Q

Drug that causes SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

27
Q

Finasteride vs minoxidil mechanism

A

Finasteride: DHT inhibitor
Minoxidil: K channel opener -> vasodilation + increases anagen (growth) phase

28
Q

Four Paraneoplastic syndromes and their main component that is messed up

A
  1. Humoral hyperCa of malignancy: high TPH-rP
  2. SIADH: high ADH
  3. Cushing: high ACTH
  4. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: anti-VGCC Abs
29
Q

What HIV drug class is HIV2 resistant to?

A

NNRTIs

30
Q

Typical endings for NRTIs, INSTIs, PIs, and NNRTIa?

A
  1. NRTIs: vudine
  2. INSTIs: gravir
  3. PIs: navir
  4. NNRTIs: virine
31
Q

Mesna drug

A

Rescue drug for cyclophosphamide; inactivates acrolein formed by it to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

32
Q

Leucovorin

A

Rescue drug for methotrexate; reduces folate

33
Q

What is allopurinol the rescue drug for and why?

A

Mercaptopurine; reduce tumor lysis syndrome

34
Q

All the natural products to treat cancer are cell cycle specific. What part of the cell cycle do vinblastine/vincristine, taxanes, camptothecins/epipodophyllotoxins, and asparaginase work in?

A
  1. Vinblastine/cristine: M phase
  2. Taxanes: M phase
  3. Captothecins and epipodophyllotoxins: S phase
  4. Asparaginase: G1 phase
35
Q

Which two classes of CA drugs are all cell cycle specific?

A

Antimetabolites, natural products

36
Q

Asparaginase treats what?

A

ALL

37
Q

All antitumor Abx are derived from what?

A

Streptomyces

38
Q

Four ectoparasite meds and their MOA

A
  1. Malathion: cholinesterase inhibitor
  2. Permethrin: Na channel blocker
  3. Ivermectin: Cl channel blocker
  4. Lindane: GABA interruption
39
Q

Which antifungal do you hold in your mouth and swallow

A

Nystatin

40
Q

Rosacea and red eye meds: what’s the mechanism of action?

A

Alpha adrenergic agonists -> vasoconstriction

41
Q

What type of drug is tazarotene?

A

Topical retinoid

42
Q

Toxicities of topical retinoids vs abx for acne

A

Topical retinoids: irritation, dryness, sensitivity, flaking

Abx: photosensitivity

43
Q

Which drug do you ingest psoralen with?

A

PUVA: photochemotherapy for psoriasis

44
Q

Apremilast MOA and for what?

A

PDE4 inhibitors -> psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

45
Q

Four topical meds for actinic keratoses

A
  1. Fluorouracil
  2. Imiquimod
  3. Ingenol mebutate
  4. Diclofenac
46
Q

Enzymes associated with each of the three antimetabolites

A
  1. Methotrexate: dihydrofolate reductase
  2. 5F: Thymidylate synthetase
  3. 6MP: HGPRT
47
Q

What do vinca alkaloids and taxanes bind? To do what?

A

B-tubulin to inhibit vs stabilize microtubule formation

48
Q

Taxane that causes hypersensitivity in hands and toes + change in taste

A

Paclitaxel

49
Q

Translocation in CML treated by Imatinib

A

9:22 Philadelphia chromosome: BCR-ABL

50
Q

Three cancer drugs that work on EGFR

A
  1. Erlotinib
  2. Gefitinib
  3. Cetuximab
51
Q

Two drugs that work on VEGF

A
  1. Ziv-aflibercept

2. Bevacizumab

52
Q

Alemtuzumab and Gemtuzumab are anti-what?

A
  1. Alemtuzumab: CD52

2. Gemtuzumab: CD33

53
Q

Which HIV drug causes major hypersensitivity in pts with HLA B5701

A

Abacavir

54
Q

Which PI is a sulfa drug and can cause a rash?

A

Darunavir

55
Q

Two drug classes of HIV meds that mostly induce CYP4A3

A

PIs, NNRTIs

56
Q

Newest and best NNRTI

A

Doravirine

57
Q

Why is enfuviritide a last resort HIV drug?

A

V expensive, must be given parenterally

58
Q

Treatment combo for pts with low HIV copy numbers

A

Lamivudine + Dolutegravir

59
Q

Superior combination of 2 NRTIs as therapy background

A

FTC + tenofovir

2: SBL Exam 2 (12 decks)

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