16: HIV And Opportunistic Infection Flashcards
HIV is a retrovirus - what’s that mean
It transcribes RNA into DNA
How does HIV become AIDS?
CD4 count of <200 and/or presence of any AIDS-defining condition
Prevalence of HIV in the US
About 1.2 million adults
Reasons why black populations are more affected by HIV
Poverty, access to care, insurance, structural racism, economic inequality
Three major ways HIV is transmitted
- Sexual contact
- IVDU sharing needles
- Mother to baby during: pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding
4 highest risk sexual activities for contracting HIV from greatest to lowest risk
- Receptive anal sex
- Insertive anal sex
- Receptive vaginal sex
- Insertive vaginal sex
Risk of mother to child HIV transmission without prophylaxis
15-25%
Risk of HIV infection with: IVDU, blood transfusion from HIV-infected source, and needle stick from unknown pt
- IVDU: 0.63% per exposure
- Blood transfusion from infected source: 95%
- Needle stick: 0.3%
If you have a needle stick from unknown HIV status pt, what should you take?
PEP: post-exposure prophylaxis
Window period in HIV
Period in early HIV infection before HIV Ab tests become positive
Typical treatment for an HIV patient
Antiretroviral therapy with a 3 drug regimen, 1 pill once a day
Certain conditions that HIV pts are at higher risk for because of chronic immune activation
- CV disease (MI, CVA)
2. Cervical cancer
Four example indications for PrEP
- Sex partner with untreated HIV
- Hx recent condomless anal sex
- Hx recent bacterial STI
- Multiple sex partners of unknown HIV status
Most common HIV associated pulmonary infection
Community acquired PNA
Prophylaxis for PJP and toxoplasmosis (when CD4 drops below 200)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) daily
Prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium
No longer needed for pts on ARVs (changed in the last year)
