18: Dermatopathology Flashcards
Lentiginous
A linear pattern of melanocytes proliferation within epidermal basal cell layer
Papillomatosis
Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae
Parakeratosis
Keratinization with retained nuclei in stratum corneum
Spongiosis
Intercellular edema of epidermis
Five signs of dysplasia in histo
- Loss of uniformity of cells
- Loss of architectural orientation
- Pleomorphism
- Hyperchromatic
- Increases mitoses
Most common pigmented lesion of childhood in lightly pigmented individuals
Freckles
Other word for freckle
Ephelis
Cafe au lait spots in Neurofibromatosis
Larger than freckles, contain aggregated melanosomes in cytoplasm of melanocytes, arise independent of sun exposure (unlike freckles)
Acral
On palms and soles
Junctional vs compound vs intradermal nevi**
- Junctional: nests at dermoepidermal junction
- Compound: nests or cords grow into underlying dermis
- Intradermal nevi: no epidermal nests, usually older lesions
Shouldering of a nevus
Junctional component >2 rete ridges beyond dermal component of nevus
Common spots for melanoma
Skin, uvea of eye -> oropharynx, GI, GU, esophagus, meninges
Malignant melanoma in black and Asian pts: four typical locations**
- Soles
- Palms
- Mucous membranes
- Nail beds
Vertical growth phase of melanoma: visual sign and what this correlates with
Appearance of a nodule -> metastatic potential
Breslow thickness**
Distance from superficial epidermal granular cell layer to the deepenst intradermal tumor cells: measures probability of melanoma metz
Four characteristics of melanoma that point to a more favorable diagnosis**
- Thinner tumor depth
- no mitoses
- Brisk tumor infiltrating lymphocyte response
- Lack of ulceration
Dermatosis papulosa nigra
Seborrheic keratoses in people of color, forms multiple small lesions on face
Leser-Trelat sign
Paraneoplastic syndrome; sudden appearance of large number of seborrheic keratoses due to carcinoma of the GI tract
Adnexal (appendage) tumors
Nondescript, flesh colored papules/nodules that show differentiation towards cutaneous appendages
What are adnexal tumors mostly confused with?
Basal cell carcinoma
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome vs cowden syndrome: associated genes
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: PTCH
Cowden syndrome: PTEN
Familial melanoma syndrome vs Muir-Torre syndrome: associated genes
Familial melanoma: CDKN2
Muir-Torre syndrome: MSH2
Xeroderma pigmentosum: assoc gene and inheritance pattern
XPA gene; AR
Inheritance pattern for: nevoid BCC syndrome, Cowden syndrome, familial melanoma syndrome, Muir-Torre syndrome
AD: autosomal dominant
