15: CA Treatment And Prevention Flashcards
Three main goals in treating cancer
- Cure
- Prevent
- Palliate
5th leading cause of CA death among women in the US
Ovarian CA
What % of ovarian CA is dxed at an early stage?
About 20%
Using CA-125 and TVUS to screen for Ovarian CA
No improvement in mortality + 9.6% false positive rate, leading to unnecessary surgical intervention and harm
What to do for women who are higher risk for ovarian CA, like women with BRCA mutations and Lynch syndrome
Individualized screening plan and heightened urgency for symptoms + can have risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Leading CA among men in the US
Prostate CA
What is the risk of being dxed with prostate cancer as a male at some point in life?
11-12%
DRE for prostate screens
Falling out of favor bc low sensitivity and specificity
Two major reasons cervical cancer has declined by about 70% in the last 40 years
- Pap smears
2. HPV vaccine
Why is effective screening so important for cervical CA?
Its hard to treat
Prevention of endometrial CA
Counseling women at menopause to report any vaginal bleeding
Most common type of non-skin cancer
Breast cancer
Three prevention methods for breast CA in women who are BRCA positive
- Prophylactic surgery: double mastectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
- Chemoprevention meds: hormone therapy
- Increased screening and self exam
Third leading cause of death for men and women in US
Colon cancer
What is the key to choosing the correct screening modality for patients
Informed decision making
Leading cause of non-skin cancer in the US
Lung cancer
Biggest prevention of lung cancer
Smoking cessation
What’s the point of treatment for palliative care?
Even if cure cannot be achieved, can we make the pt feel better with local therapy?
Three CA types commonly treated with local therapy
- Sarcomas
- Non-melanoma skin CA
- In situ carcinoma
When is neoadjuvant therapy usually used?
On a large mass where surgery would not be as effective up front -> shrinking the tumor with radiation first will make surgery safer and more effective
Three instances where surgery will not be indicated for CA treatment
- Metastatic disease
- Leukemia and lymphoma
- Systemic therapy is so effective that surgery is unnecessary
How does radiation therapy with I131 work?
Drink radioactive iodine -> absorbed into the body and taken up by thyroid -> neoplastic and normal thyroid cells will metabolize it and will be killed by radioactivity
Four instances where radiation therapy is useful
- Adjuvant therapy
- Neoadjuvant therapy
- When surgery is contraindicated
- To palliate
Three instances where radiation therapy can be palliative but not necessarily curative
- Spinal mets compressing the spinal cord
- ENT carcinoma to prevent suffocation
- Pelvic sidewall to prevent pain
