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My Packs: School (Grade 11 Semester 2) > (SBI4U1) Homeostasis > Flashcards

(SBI4U1) Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis (3)

A

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, despite changes in the external environment
Ensures that cells/tissues/organs function within their normal limits
Based on a feedback system

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2
Q

What is homeostasis based on?

A

Based on a feedback system

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3
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change that is detected

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4
Q

In a feedback mechanism:

What is detected?

A

Stimulus

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5
Q

In a feedback mechanism:

What comes after the stimulus?

A

Receptor

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6
Q

In a feedback mechanism:

What comes after receptor?

A

Integrator

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7
Q

In a feedback mechanism:

What comes after integrator?

A

Effector

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8
Q

In a feedback mechanism:

What comes after effector?

A

Response

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9
Q

What are the two types of feedback?

A

Negative Feedback

Positive Feedback

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10
Q

Which type of feedback is less common?

A

Positive Feedback

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11
Q

Define negative feedback

A

The feedback response lessens or diminishes the original stimulus

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12
Q

Give an example of negative feedback

A

Blood pressure regulation

Body temperature regulation

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13
Q

Define positive feedback

A

The feedback response increases the original stimulus

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14
Q

Give an example of positive feedback

A

Child birth

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15
Q

In blood pressure regulation, what is the stimulus?

A

Change of blood pressure (increase/decrease)

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16
Q

In blood pressure regulation, what is the receptor?

A

Receptors in the blood vessels

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17
Q

In blood pressure regulation, what is the integrator?

A

The brain

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18
Q

In blood pressure regulation, what is the effector?

A

The heart and blood vessels

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19
Q

In blood pressure regulation, what is the response?

A

Heart rate increases/decreases and blood vessel diameter increases/decreases to make blood pressure a normal level

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20
Q

In child birth, what is the stimulus?

A

The baby’s head pushing on the uterus opening

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21
Q

In child birth, what is the receptors?

A

The receptors at the uterus opening

22
Q

In child birth, what is the integrator?

A

The hypothalamus

23
Q

In child birth, what is the effector?

A

The hormone oxytocin

24
Q

In child birth, what is the response?

A

Increase strength of subsequent contractions, helping to push the baby out

25
Q

What is the functions of the kidney? (2)

A

Filters blood and removes waste

Controls water balance, pH, and ion concentrations in blood

26
Q

Each kidney contains ~1 million -_______ that filter the blood, controlling water and ion concentrations

A

Nephrons

27
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the first part of the nephron?

A

Bowman’s capsule

28
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the bed of capillaries found in each Bowman’s capsule known as?

A

Glomerulus

29
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:
The blood pressure in the glomerulus forces ______ and small molecules (____, ______, _______/_____ _____) out of the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s Capsule

A 
Plasma
Ions
Water
Glucose
Amino acids
30
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the fluid in the Bowman’s capsule called?

A

Filtrate

31
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the second part of the nephron called?

A

Proximal Tubule (PCT)(1st Convoluted Tubule)

32
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What happens in the proximal tubule?

A

Re-absorption of materials needed by the body

33
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

Define re-absorption in the kidney

A

Movement from nephron to blood

34
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is re-absorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

Glucose, amino acids, ions, water

35
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

In the proximal tubule, glucose, amino acids, and ions are ________ ___________ back into the blood

A

Actively transported

36
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is secreted from blood into the nephron in the proximal tubule?

A

Toxins from protein digestion

37
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the third part of the nephron called?

A

Loop of Henle

38
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What happens in the Loop of Henle? Why?

A

Regulates fluid balance in the blood by moving water and ions out of the loop of Henle
Concentrates urine, prevents you peeing out valuable fluids

39
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What happens in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Water is passively re-absorbed as the fluid travels down the descending limb (as the fluid around the loop of Henle is hypertonic)

40
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the water that is taken out in the descending limb of the loop of Henle used for?

A

Taken into the blood steam to maintain blood pressure/ion concentrations

41
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

At the bottom of the loop of Henle, the ________ becomes very concentrated

A

Filtrate

42
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

Is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to water?

A

No

43
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What happens in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

As fluid/filtrate travels up the ascending loop of Henle, ions are moved into the fluid surrounding the loop of Henle

44
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What ions are moved in the fluid surrounding the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? Why?

A

Na and Cl ions
Keeps concentration of solute in the fluid surrounding the loop of Henle higher, draws more water out of the collecting duct which concentrates the urine

45
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the fourth part of the nephron?

A

Distal Tubule (DCT)(2nd convoluted tubule)

46
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the function of the distal tubule?

A

Maintains blood pH and electrolyte balance by reabsorption of ions or secretion of ions

47
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is the last part of the nephron?

A

The collecting duct

48
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

What is carried to the collecting duct?

A

Water, ions, and waste products

49
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

Why will water move out of the collecting duct?

A

Water will move out due to the high solute concentration in the surrounding solution to concentrate the urine

50
Q

Functioning of the Nephron:

Urine is collected and delivered to the ________

A

Bladder

51
Q

How the brain control the urine output?

A

The brain signals the pituitary gland to produce more ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) which allows the collecting duct more permeable to water, and in turns decreases urine production

My Packs: School (Grade 11 Semester 2) (20 decks)

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