SBA paper 3 Flashcards
which feature of crohns is specific to its histology? acts as a differential from UC
Transmural inflammation with multiple lymphoid aggregates
which antibiotic is safe and licensed for use in pregnancy
cefalexin and amoxicillin
which antibiotics are beta lactams?
Penicillin, cephalosporins and carbapenems
CEPHALOSPORINS:
1st gen: cephalexin
2nd gen: cefuroxime
3rd gen: ceftazidime
what are thick and thin blood films used for
looks for the presence of parasites as there is a larger amount of blood
what are risk factors for viral haemorrhagic fevers?
travel to geographical areas of incidince eg West Africa.
which part of the visual pathway is involved in bitemporal hemianopia
OPTIC CHIASM
how is vasovagal syncope differentiated from epilepsy?
autonomic disturbance: nausea and sweating before hand
fast and spontaneous recovery
what is the CURB65 score
c- confusion
u- urea >7mmol/L
r- resp rate >30
b- blood pressure <90 or <60
65 years old
what is the treatment for low severity CAP?
Amoxicillin 500mg TDS
what is the treatment for moderate severity CAP?
Amoxicillin:
500 mg three times a day (higher doses can be used; see the BNF) for 5 days
With (if atypical pathogens suspected)
Clarithromycin:
500 mg twice a day for 5 days
what is the treatment for severe CAP?
Co-Amoxiclav 1.2g TDS IV plus Clarithromycin BD PO
if allergic to penicillin: Levofloxacin (consider safety issues):
500 mg twice a day orally or intravenously for 5 days
best investigation of diagnosing tuberculosis
Sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli
Lowenstein-Jensen slope is used to culture TB
what is the predominant type of inflammatory cell in acute infection?
NEUTROPHIL
what are the predominant cells in acute allergy?
MASTw
what are the predominant cells in chronic inflammation
lymphocytes and macrophages
when are eosinophils found
in parasitic infections
what is a hallmark of burkitts lymphoma
it is rapidly dividing so has a fast onset.
it causes mild anaemia due to bone marrow infiltration
it has B symptoms
type of non hodgkins lymphoma
what is pharmacokinetics the study of
how the body affects drugs
D(ynamics) before K(inetics)
drug is affecting the body before the body affects the drug
which is the prinicipal neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
noradrenaline
which is the principal neurotransmitter of the parasymphathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
what is the most likely cause of a dry mouth and constipation
oxybutinin - muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
what are the examples of narrow therapeutic index drugs
aminoglycosides, ciclosporin, carbamazepine, digoxin, digitoxin, flecainide, lithium, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin, theophylline and warfarin.
what would be the cause of anaemia in someone who is on dialysis long term due to kidney failure from glomerulonephritis
reduced secretion of erythropoietin
what indicates anginal pain
relieved by rest or GTN spray within 5 mins of administration.
comes on during exertion
how is the severity of aortic valve stenosis evaluated
focuses on physiological consequences of a severely restricted valve.
e.g. small volume slow rising pulse
what does BNP indicate
heart failure- diagnostic differential in co morbities of pulmonary and cardiac SOB
what would be the first step in managing a patients AF ?
risk assessment for embolic complications
which ECG finding is consistent with a diagnoosis of acute pericarditis
depressed PR segment
which syndrome is associated with small cell lung cancer
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
which vaccinations given as a live attenuated vaccine
measles, mumps, rubella, oral influenza, oral typhoid, varicella, shingles, BCG, and yellow fever.
