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Martha Phase 2a > SBA paper 3 > Flashcards

SBA paper 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which feature of crohns is specific to its histology? acts as a differential from UC

A

Transmural inflammation with multiple lymphoid aggregates

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2
Q

which antibiotic is safe and licensed for use in pregnancy

A

cefalexin and amoxicillin

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3
Q

which antibiotics are beta lactams?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporins and carbapenems
CEPHALOSPORINS:
1st gen: cephalexin
2nd gen: cefuroxime
3rd gen: ceftazidime

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4
Q

what are thick and thin blood films used for

A

looks for the presence of parasites as there is a larger amount of blood

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5
Q

what are risk factors for viral haemorrhagic fevers?

A

travel to geographical areas of incidince eg West Africa.

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6
Q

which part of the visual pathway is involved in bitemporal hemianopia

A

OPTIC CHIASM

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7
Q

how is vasovagal syncope differentiated from epilepsy?

A

autonomic disturbance: nausea and sweating before hand
fast and spontaneous recovery

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8
Q

what is the CURB65 score

A

c- confusion
u- urea >7mmol/L
r- resp rate >30
b- blood pressure <90 or <60
65 years old

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9
Q

what is the treatment for low severity CAP?

A

Amoxicillin 500mg TDS

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10
Q

what is the treatment for moderate severity CAP?

A

Amoxicillin:

500 mg three times a day (higher doses can be used; see the BNF) for 5 days

With (if atypical pathogens suspected)

Clarithromycin:

500 mg twice a day for 5 days

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11
Q

what is the treatment for severe CAP?

A

Co-Amoxiclav 1.2g TDS IV plus Clarithromycin BD PO

if allergic to penicillin: Levofloxacin (consider safety issues):

500 mg twice a day orally or intravenously for 5 days

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12
Q

best investigation of diagnosing tuberculosis

A

Sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli

Lowenstein-Jensen slope is used to culture TB

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13
Q

what is the predominant type of inflammatory cell in acute infection?

A

NEUTROPHIL

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14
Q

what are the predominant cells in acute allergy?

A

MASTw

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15
Q

what are the predominant cells in chronic inflammation

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

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16
Q

when are eosinophils found

A

in parasitic infections

17
Q

what is a hallmark of burkitts lymphoma

A

it is rapidly dividing so has a fast onset.
it causes mild anaemia due to bone marrow infiltration
it has B symptoms
type of non hodgkins lymphoma

18
Q

what is pharmacokinetics the study of

A

how the body affects drugs
D(ynamics) before K(inetics)
drug is affecting the body before the body affects the drug

19
Q

which is the prinicipal neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

A

noradrenaline

20
Q

which is the principal neurotransmitter of the parasymphathetic nervous system

A

acetylcholine

21
Q

what is the most likely cause of a dry mouth and constipation

A

oxybutinin - muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist

22
Q

what are the examples of narrow therapeutic index drugs

A

aminoglycosides, ciclosporin, carbamazepine, digoxin, digitoxin, flecainide, lithium, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin, theophylline and warfarin.

23
Q

what would be the cause of anaemia in someone who is on dialysis long term due to kidney failure from glomerulonephritis

A

reduced secretion of erythropoietin

24
Q

what indicates anginal pain

A

relieved by rest or GTN spray within 5 mins of administration.
comes on during exertion

25
Q

how is the severity of aortic valve stenosis evaluated

A

focuses on physiological consequences of a severely restricted valve.
e.g. small volume slow rising pulse

26
Q

what does BNP indicate

A

heart failure- diagnostic differential in co morbities of pulmonary and cardiac SOB

27
Q

what would be the first step in managing a patients AF ?

A

risk assessment for embolic complications

28
Q

which ECG finding is consistent with a diagnoosis of acute pericarditis

A

depressed PR segment

29
Q

which syndrome is associated with small cell lung cancer

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

30
Q

which vaccinations given as a live attenuated vaccine

A

measles, mumps, rubella, oral influenza, oral typhoid, varicella, shingles, BCG, and yellow fever.

Martha Phase 2a (10 decks)

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