PTS SBA 4 corrections/notes Flashcards
what can be heard when there is an asthma attack
hyper resonant sounds from the hyperinflation of the lungs
when are dull sounds heard on chest ausculation
fluid replaces air in the lung tissues, eg pleural effusions
which is the most common type of lung cancer
adenocarcinoma- it is common in smokers and non smokers and there is a link to asbestos
where do lung cancers metastasise to?
adrenal glands, bone, brain and liverw
where do breast cancers metastasis to
brain, lung, bones, liver
which chromosome is linked to haemochromatosis
chromosome 6
autosomal recessive
which chromosome is affected in cystic fibrosis
chromosome 7
coding for cftr protein which causes defective cl-secretion adn na+ absorption
autosomal recessive
which chromosome is affected in wilsons disease
chromosome 13
autosomal recessive
which gene is affected in Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
AAT gene in chromosome 14
autosomal recessive
what is the treatment for primary syphillis
benzathine penicillin
azithromycin is second line treatment.
which drug is used in prophylaxis of meningitis?
ciprofloxacin
what is the biggest occupational health disorder category?
stress, anxiety and depression
define sensitivity
proportion of the patients who have the disease and test positive.
define specificity
the proportion of the patients who don’t have the disease and test negative
describe a cerebellar stroke
ataxia, headache, vertigo, vomiting
when is myasthenia gravis’ made worse?
sped up following an infection
what is the affect of alcoholism on blood cells?
macrocytosis, shown through a raised MCV
what is the most common cause of hepatitis in travellers?
Hepatitis A
Describe the signs of an inguinal hernia
bulge on either side of pubic bone, more obvious when upright especially when coughing or straining
what are the indicators of acute hep B infection
presence of surface antigens, E antigens, Core antibody and surface antibodies
risk factors for gallstone
F’s
female
fertile
forty
fat
risk factors for acute pancreatitis
I get smashed
idiopathic
gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroid use
autoimmune
scorpion stings
hyperglycaemia
ERCP
DRUGS/meds
which leukaemia is linked to downs syndrome
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
which factor is haemophilia B deficient in
factor 9whi
which factor is haemophilia A deficient in
factor 8
what is polycythaemia
increase in RBC production
primary (rubra vera) is RBC overproduction in bone marrow
secondary has underlying cause such as chronic hypoxia as a result of lung disease.wha
what is DIC
disseminated intervascular coagulation
causes bleeding as clotting factors are used up.
usually triggered by a distinct event such as sepsis
how does parvovirus B19 manifest?
usually a mild rash illness, in sickle cell it can cause a painful crisis
which medications/foods can cause a crisis in those with G6PD deficiency
antimalarial meds (quinine) and green beans
what is calcium gluconate used to treat?
Hypocalcaemia.
which is the most common type of renal cancer
clear cell 75%
papillary 10-15%
what is the treatment for prostate cancer
GnRH agonist- inhibits the growth
what is the management of acute pulmonary oedema
high flow oxygen, IV furosemide, IV morphine/ GTN
risk factors for erectile dysfunction
stress, depression, poor relationship with partner, CVD, diabetes, trauma, smoking, alcohol, obesity, radical prostatectomy
when is a UTI complicated
in a man
pregnant lady
upper tract
recurrent
immunocompromised
a child
what is the treatment for hypothyroidism
levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid)
what is the test for acromegaly
oral glucose tolerance test
which hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary
fsh, gh, prolactin, aCTH, LH, Melanocyte
what does severe hypercalcaemia present with
dehydration, confusion
risk of cardiac arrest
long term effects of steroid use
skin thinning and easy bruising
diabetes mellitus
immunocompromised
osteoporosis
proximal muscle weakness
types of SVT
atrioventricular nodal re entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)
atrial tachycardia
which type of SVT is wolf parkinsonn white
AVRT
how long should a pr interval be
0.12-0.20s
which medications are given to improve prognosis in heart failure
B blocker and ACEi
what is angular stomatitis is a sign of?
iron deficiency anaemia
what is the gold standard investigation for colorectal cancer
colonoscopy
what are the red flags for colorectal cancer
tenesmus, rectal bleeding and weight loss and increased age.
