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Martha Phase 2a > PTS SBA 4 corrections/notes > Flashcards

PTS SBA 4 corrections/notes Flashcards

1
Q

what can be heard when there is an asthma attack

A

hyper resonant sounds from the hyperinflation of the lungs

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2
Q

when are dull sounds heard on chest ausculation

A

fluid replaces air in the lung tissues, eg pleural effusions

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3
Q

which is the most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma- it is common in smokers and non smokers and there is a link to asbestos

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4
Q

where do lung cancers metastasise to?

A

adrenal glands, bone, brain and liverw

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5
Q

where do breast cancers metastasis to

A

brain, lung, bones, liver

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6
Q

which chromosome is linked to haemochromatosis

A

chromosome 6
autosomal recessive

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7
Q

which chromosome is affected in cystic fibrosis

A

chromosome 7
coding for ctfr protein which causes defective cl-secretion adn na+ absorption
autosomal recessive

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8
Q

which chromosome is affected in wilsons disease

A

chromosome 13
autosomal recessive

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9
Q

which gene is affected in Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency

A

AAT gene in chromosome 14
autosomal recessive

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10
Q

what is the treatment for primary syphillis

A

benzathine penicillin
azithromycin is second line treatment.

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11
Q

which drug is used in prophylaxis of meningitis?

A

ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

what is the biggest occupational health disorder category?

A

stress, anxiety and depression

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13
Q

define sensitivity

A

proportion of the patients who have the disease and test positive.

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14
Q

define specificity

A

the proportion of the patients who don’t have the disease and test negative

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15
Q

describe a cerebellar stroke

A

ataxia, headache, vertigo, vomiting

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16
Q

when is myasthenia gravis’ made worse?

A

sped up following an infection

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17
Q

what is the affect of alcoholism on blood cells?

A

macrocytosis, shown through a raised MCV

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18
Q

what is the most common cause of hepatitis in travellers?

A

Hepatitis A

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19
Q

Describe the signs of an inguinal hernia

A

bulge on either side of pubic bone, more obvious when upright especially when coughing or straining

20
Q

what are the indicators of acute hep B infection

A

presence of surface antigens, E antigens, Core antibody and surface antibodies

21
Q

risk factors for gallstone

A

F’s
female
fertile
forty
fat

22
Q

risk factors for acute pancreatitis

A

I get smashed
idiopathic
gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroid use
autoimmune
scorpion stings
hyperglycaemia
ERCP
DRUGS/meds

23
Q

which leukaemia is linked to downs syndrome

A

acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

24
Q

which factor is haemophilia B deficient in

A

factor 9whi

25
Q

which factor is haemophilia A deficient in

A

factor 8

26
Q

what is polycythaemia

A

increase in RBC production
primary (rubra vera) is RBC overproduction in bone marrow
secondary has underlying cause such as chronic hypoxia as a result of lung disease.wha

27
Q

what is DIC

A

disseminated intervascular coagulation
causes bleeding as clotting factors are used up.
usually triggered by a distinct event such as sepsis

28
Q

how does parvovirus B19 manifest?

A

usually a mild rash illness, in sickle cell it can cause a painful crisis

29
Q

which medications/foods can cause a crisis in those with G6PD deficiency

A

antimalarial meds (quinine) and green beans

30
Q

what is calcium gluconate used to treat?

A

Hypocalcaemia.

31
Q

which is the most common type of renal cancer

A

clear cell 75%
papillary 10-15%

32
Q

what is the treatment for prostate cancer

A

GnRH agonist- inhibits the growth

33
Q

what is the management of acute pulmonary oedema

A

high flow oxygen, IV furosemide, IV morphine/ GTN

34
Q

risk factors for erectile dysfunction

A

stress, depression, poor relationship with partner, CVD, diabetes, trauma, smoking, alcohol, obesity, radical prostatectomy

35
Q

when is a UTI complicated

A

in a man
pregnant lady
upper tract
recurrent
immunocompromised
a child

36
Q

what is the treatment for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid)

37
Q

what is the test for acromegaly

A

oral glucose tolerance test

38
Q

which hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

fsh, gh, prolactin, aCTH, LH, Melanocyte

39
Q

what does severe hypercalcaemia present with

A

dehydration, confusion
risk of cardiac arrest

40
Q

long term effects of steroid use

A

skin thinning and easy bruising
diabetes mellitus
immunocompromised
osteoporosis
proximal muscle weakness

41
Q

types of SVT

A

atrioventricular nodal re entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)
atrial tachycardia

42
Q

which type of SVT is wolf parkinsonn white

A

AVRT

43
Q

how long should a pr interval be

A

0.12-0.20s

44
Q

which medications are given to improve prognosis in heart failure

A

B blocker and ACEi

45
Q

what is angular stomatitis is a sign of?

A

iron deficiency anaemia

46
Q

what is the gold standard investigation for colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy

47
Q

what are the red flags for colorectal cancer

A

tenesmus, rectal bleeding and weight loss and increased age.

Martha Phase 2a (10 decks)

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