SB5 Flashcards
What is a disease
A condition where sort of an organism Donetsk function properly
What are communicable disease
Give an example
Disease that spread between individuals
Ebola
What are non-communicable disease
Give an example
Diseases that can’t be spread
Cancer
Give examples of pathogens
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Cholera
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Bacteria called vibrio cholerae
Diarrhoea
Contaminated water
To have clean water supply
Tuberculosis
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lung damage
Air through coughing
Good hygiene
Malaria
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Protist
Damage to liver
Mosquitos
Use mosquito nets
stomach ulcers
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Bacteria called helicobacter pylori
Nausea
Oral transmission
Clean water
Ebola
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Virus
Haemorrhagic fever
Via bodily fluids
Isolating infected individuals
Chalara ash dieback
Pathogen?
Symptoms
How it spreads?
To prevent it
Fungus
Leaf loss
Carried through air
Removing young infected trees
Explain the lytic pathway
- The virus attaches itself to a specific host cell and injects its genetic material into the cell
- The virus uses proteins and enzymes in the host cell to replicate its genetic material and produce the components of new viruses
- The viral components assemble
- The host cell splits open releasing the new viruses which infect more cells
Explain the lysogenic pathway
The injected genetic material is incorporated into the DNA of the host cell
The viral genetic material gets replicated along with the host DNA every time the host cell divides- but the virus is dominant and no new viruses are made
Eventually a trigger causes the viral genetic material to leave the genome and enter the lytic cycle
What physical / chemical defences do plants have
- waxy cuticle which prevents pathogens entering
- Surrounded by cell walls made from cellulose
- Antiseptics to kill pathogens
- Pest deterrence
What physical/ chemical barriers does the body have
- Skin acts as a barrier for pathogens
- Hairs and mucus in your nose trap particles that could contain pathogens
- Cells in the airways produce hairs to trap pathogens
- Stomach produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens
- Eyes produce lysozyme which kills bacteria
How does the immune system attack pathogens
Pathogens contains antigens
When your B-lymphocytes comes across a antigen on a pathogen it releases antibodies which lock onto the pathogen so that it can be found and destroyed by white blood cells
The antibodies are made specifically to the pathogen
