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Biology > SB2 > Flashcards

SB2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is mitosis a type of

A

Cell division

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2
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

IPMATC
INTERPHASE- the cell duplicates its DNA
PROPHASE- membrane around nucleus breaks down
METAPHASE- chromosomes line up in centre of cell
ANAPHASE- cell fibres pull chromosomes apart
TELOPHASE- the nucleus divides
CYTOKINESIS- two identical daughter cells form

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3
Q

Define cell differentiation

A

The process of when a cell becomes specialised

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4
Q

Define growth

A

An increase in size or mass

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5
Q

Define cell elongation

A

Cell expands making plant grow

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6
Q

What are undifferentiated cells called

A

Stem cells

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7
Q

Where are stem cells found

A

Human embryos

Bone marrow

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8
Q

Disadvantages of using stem cells

A

Rumour development
Rejection
Disease transmission

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9
Q

What does the cerebellum control and where’s it found

A

Muscles coordination and balance

Behind spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control and where’s it found

A

Largest part of brain
Two halves
Movement memory language vision intelligence

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11
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control and where’s it found

A

Bottom near spinal cord

Controls breathing and heart rate

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12
Q

What are the two scanners to investigate brain function

A

PET scan

CT scan

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13
Q

How/what does the CT scan :

Work
Show

A

Uses xrays to produce image of brain

Shows structure of brain
Can show a damaged brain and identify the area

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14
Q

How/what does the PET scan :

Work
Show

A

Radioactive chemicals To show what part of the Brian is active

Very detailed

Can show structure and function at the same time

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15
Q

What does the CNS stand for

A

Central nervous system

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16
Q

What is the CNS made of

A

Neurones which go to all parts of the body

17
Q

What are sensory receptors

A

Cells that can detect a change in the environment

18
Q

How does the CNS coordinate a response

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor 
Sensory neurone 
CNS 
Motor neurone 
Effector 
Response
19
Q

Sensory neurone context

A

One long dendron
Carries nerve impulses
From receptor cells to cell body

One short axon carries nerve impulses from the cell body to the CNS

20
Q

Motor neurone context

A

Many short
Carries nerve impulses
From CNS to the cell body

One Long axon carries nerve impulses from cell body to effector cell

21
Q

Relay neurone Context

A

Many short dendrites
Carries nerve impulses
Sensory neurones to cell body

An axon carries nerve impulses from the cell body to motor neurones

22
Q

What do neurones transfer information as

A

Electrical impulses

23
Q

Define synapes

A

Connection between two neurones

24
Q

Define reflexes

A

Rapid responses to stimuli

25
Q

In which order do the neurones act

A

Sensory
Relay
Motor

26
Q

What does the cornea do

A

Bends light into the eye

27
Q

What does the iris do

A

Controls how much light enters pupil

28
Q

What does the lens do

A

Bends light focusing it onto retina

29
Q

What does the retina do

A

Detect light through receptor cells called rods and cones

30
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of rod cells

A

ADVANTAGES
sensitive in dim light

DISADVANTAGES
Can’t sense colour

31
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of cones

A

ADVANTAGES
sensitive to different colours

DISADVANTAGES
not good in dim light

32
Q

What does the optic nerve do

A

Carries electrical impulses about information from the light from receptor cells to brain

33
Q

What is cataract

A

A cloudy patch on the lens

Biology (6 decks)

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