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Biology > SB3 > Flashcards

SB3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an allele

A

Different forms of the same gene

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2
Q

What is homozygous

A

2 same alleles

Eg ff

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3
Q

What is heterozygous

A

2 different alleles

Eg Ff

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4
Q

What is a dominant allele

A

Only 1 allele needed to be visible

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5
Q

What is recessive

A

2 alleles needed to be visible

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6
Q

What is a phenotype

A

Physical characteristics

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7
Q

What is a genotype

A

Allele combination

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8
Q

What did Mendel discover

Why didn’t people believe him

A

He discovered the foundations of genes

No evidence
No microscopes
Against church

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9
Q

What is it called when someone has a disease but it isn’t visible

A

A carrier

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10
Q

What is a more dominant blood type:

Ia or Io
Ib or Io
Ia or Ib

A

Ia
Ib
Neither they come together to make
Iab

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11
Q

What is the difference between haploid and diploid

A

Haploid is 23 chromosomes

Diploid is 46 chromosomes

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12
Q

What is meiosis a type of

A

Cell division

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13
Q

Where does meiosis happen

A

Reproductive organs

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14
Q

What happens in meiosis

A
  • before the cell divides it duplicates its DNA
  • the chromosomes line up in pairs in the centre of the cell
  • the pairs are pulled apart so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome
  • the new cell will have a mixture of mother and father chromosomes
  • then the chromosomes line up again in the centre of the cell
  • the cells divide and 4 haploid dahughter cells are created
  • these cells are haploid
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15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

ADVANTAGES
produce a lot very quickly
only one parent is needed

DISADVANTAGES
No genetic variation

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16
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

ADVANTAGES
Genetic variation

DISADVANTAGES
Takes longer
Uses more energy
Fewer offspring

17
Q

What is DNA made up of

What are nucleotide made of

A

Polymers made up of lots of nucleotides
Each nucleotide consists of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule and one base
The sugar and phosphate form a backbone to DNA strands

18
Q

What are the 4 bases of DNA

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

19
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Double helix
4 bases (AT and GC)
Hydrogen bonds

20
Q

What is the size chart of

DNA
Gene
Chromosome
Nucleus

A

Nucleus
Chromosome
DNA
Gene

21
Q

What are the two stages of protein synthesis

A

Transcription

Translation

22
Q

Explain what happens during transcription

A
  • A DNA polymerase binds to a region of non-coding DNA, unzips all the DNA
  • It uses the template to make a mRNA
  • The bases U (uracil) is used instead of T

The mRNA then leaves the nucleus through its pores and joins to a ribosome

23
Q

Explain what happens during translation

A
  • Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA
  • the order in which the amino acids are brought to the ribosomes Mathew the order of the codons
  • the anticodon is complementary to the codons
  • the pairing of the codons and anticodon ensure the amino acids are brought to the ribosome in the correct order
  • the amino acids join up creating a polypeptide
24
Q

What is a mutation

A

A change in DNA and can be inherited

Biology (6 decks)

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