SB4 Flashcards
Define natural selection
Survival of the fittest
Define evolution
The gradual change is characteristics of a species over a period of time
Who came up with the theory of natural selection
Charles Darwin and Wallace
How do we know the age of a fossil
By looking at the rock that surrounds the fossil
What did early fossils suggest about humans in terms of accestory
We evolved from the same ancestors of chimps
What is the timeline to show human evolution
Ardi 4.4 millions years ago
Lucy 3.2 million years ago
Homo erectus 1.6 million years ago
Homo Sapien present
What evidence did Wallace use to prove his theory
Warning colours are used by some species to deter predators
What is a pentadactyl limb
A limb with 5 digits
What is the conclusion made from pentadactylic limbs
All species with 5 digits have evolved from a common ancestor but have evolved to fit there adaption
What are the 5 kingdom classifications
Animal Plants Fungi Protists Prokaryotes
What are the even narrower groups of kingdom classification
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is selective breeding
Humans select an organism that are going to breed so that the desired gene can remain in the population
How is tissue culture carried out
Choose characteristics of the plant you want to clone
Remove tissue from parent plant
Grow the tissue in a growth medium containing nutrients and growth hormones
This is to be sterile so microbes can’t harm the plants
Once the plant produces shoots and roots they can be moved to a plotting compost
What is tissue culture
Growing cells on an artificial growth medium
What is genetic engineering
Modifying an organisms DNA to introduce desirable characteristics
How does genetic engineering work
DNA you want to insert is cut out using a restriction enzyme
The ligase enzyme is stuck together with the plasmid DNA to make a recombinant DNA
The recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells
What does GMO stand for
Genetically modified organisms
What are fertilisers used for
To help increase yield of crops
