SB2a Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
A sequence of growth and division that happens in the cells of multicellular organisms.
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes. Haploid cells (gametes/sex cells) contain only one set of chromosomes.
What happens during the interphase?
DNA replication occurs in a diploid cell with two sets of chromosomes. Each chromosome is copied and the copies remain attached, forming X-shapes.
What happens during mitosis?
The copies of the chromosomes separate and each cell ends up with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Check Biology page 30.
What are the 5 stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
Describe the process of each stage in mitosis.
Prophase: Nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear.
Metaphase: The chromosomes line up on the spindle fibres across of the cell.
Anaphase: The chromosome copies are separated and moved to either end of the cell on the spindle fibres.
Telophase: A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form nuclei.
Cytokinesis: A cell surface membrane forms to separate the two cells.
Check Biology book page 31.
What does asexual reproduction result in?
Clone offsprings, which means their cells have the same chromosomes as the parent (genetically identical).
How do normal cells turn into cancer cells?
Changes in cells cause the normal cells to undergo uncontrollable cell division. This rapid cell division produces tumours (growing lumps of cells) that can damage the body and can result in death.
