Saturated And Unsaturated Compounds

Question 1

What is an alkane?

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 2

How to name an alkane

Answer 2

1. Count the longest carbon chain
2. Add “ane” as a suffix

Add cyclone as a prefix if the structure is a ring

Question 3

What is an alkene

Answer 3

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond

Question 4

How to name an alkene

Answer 4

Find the longest carbon chain
Find the double bond
Number the carbons so the carbon with the double bond can have the lease number
Substituent group as prefix
add suffix “ene” instead of “ane”

Question 5

What is an alkyne

Answer 5

Saturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds

Question 6

How to name an alkyne

Answer 6

Exactly the same as alkene
Add suffix “yne”

Question 7

What are the properties of alkanes?

Answer 7

1. Non-polar (barely any electron-negativity difference between C and H)
2. Longer chains mean higher boiling points
3. Insoluble in water
4. At 25 degrees Celsius they do not react with acids and bases
5. Small alkanes are highly flammable
6. Large alkanes are flammable only when gaseous but they have higher boiling points so it’s harder
7. Used as fuels because they release a lot of energy in complete combustion

Question 8

What are the properties of alkenes and alkynes ?

Answer 8

1. More reactive than alkanes

Question 9

What is Markovnikov’s rule?

Answer 9

When hydrogen is being added to an alkene or alkyne the hydrogen is attached to the carbon with the most hydrogens. Hydrogen loves its own kind