Alcohols & Thiols Flashcards
What is an alcohol
An organic compound with an hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a carbon.
Types of alcohols
Primary alcohol: one carbon attached to C-OH
Secondary alcohol: 2 carbons attached to C-OH
Tertiary alcohol: 3 carbons attached to C-OH
Naming alcohols
Longest carbon chain
Carbon with hydroxyl group takes the lowest number
The number of the carbon with the hydroxyl group is between the prefix and suffix
Add “ol” instead of the “e” in alkene, etc.
What happens when the compound contains more than one hydroxyl group
They are called poly-alcohols the suffix “-diol , -triol, -tetraol, etc is added.
Ex: Ethan-1,2-diol
Cyclic alcohols how are they named
They are the same as regular straight chain alcohols
Aromatic alcohols
If only one hydroxyl group it would be called phenol
If more than one hydroxyl group the root name is benzene then add the carbon number between the root name and suffix (diol, etc)
Ex: benzene-1,2- diol
Reactions of alcohols
Hydration reaction
Dehydration reaction
What is a hydration reactions
A type of additional reaction
Alkene + water + catalyst = alcohol
What is a dehydration reaction
Alcohol + sulfuric acid (H2SO4) = alkene + water
Dehydration reactions can result in more than one alkene
Ex: butanol can result in butene or but-2-ene
What are thiols
An organic compound that contains a sulfhydrl group C-SH
Naming thiols
The suffix “-thiol” is added to an alkane name
Why are the properties of alcohols?
- Higher boiling points than their corresponding alkane
- Strong dipole-dipole attraction
- Soluble in water small alcohols
- Not so soluble in water large alcohols
- Great solvents, dissolve polar and non-polar
What are the properties of thiols?
- Strong Odors
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) makes the odor go away
