Carbonyl Group

Question 1

What is a carbonyl group

Answer 1

A carbonyl group is a compound that has a carbon connected to an oxygen by double bond. C= O

Question 2

What is an aldehyde

Answer 2

An aldehyde is a carbonyl group that is connected to at least 1 hydrogen atom H(2)-C=O

Question 3

What is a ketone

Answer 3

A ketone is a compound that contains a carbonyl group attached to at least 2 carbons.
C-C=O-C

Question 4

Properties of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 4

1. They are polar.
2. Have a dipole-dipole attraction.
3. Do not have hydrogen bonds.
4. Only small aldehydes and ketones can be soluble the more carbons you add the less soluble they become.
5. Their boiling points are lower than other alcohols.

Question 5

What are the reactions of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 5

Controlled oxidation
Hydrogenation

Question 6

What is a controlled oxidation reaction

Answer 6

Primary alcohol + oxygen = aldehyde + water

Secondary alcohol + oxygen = ketone + water

Question 7

Hydrogenation

Answer 7

Aldehyde + H-H + catalyst/heat & pressure = primary alcohol

Ketone + H-H + catalyst/ heat & pressure = secondary alcohol

Question 8

How to name an aldehyde

Answer 8

1- longest carbon chain including cabin of carbonyl group
2- drop “-e” add “-Al”

Question 9

How to name a ketone

Answer 9

1- longest carbon chain including carbonyl group’s carbon
2- number the carbons so the carbonyl group can have the smallest possible carbon number
3- add “-one” instead of “-e”