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Helicopter Aircraft Commander > SAR > Flashcards

SAR Flashcards

1
Q

SAR Coordinator

A

The rescue coordination centers (RCCs) which are established worldwide by geographic location, handle the function of the SAR coordinator and, if not directly involved in the search operation, shall be informed and kept abreast of the progress of the search.

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2
Q

Locking Rescue Hook

A

Primary rescue device for helicopter recovery

Large hook rated at 3,000lbs and an equipment ring rated for 1,500lbs

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3
Q

Trail Line Assembly

A

Used to control and guide the rescue equipment to the desired location during helicopter and shipboard hoisting operations

Contains: 120ft of 3/8 inch polyethylene or polypropylene rope, a weak link (approx. 450lbs of breaking strength), one 5lb shot bag, a V-strap for rescue/MEDEVAC litter hoisting, and trail line gloves

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4
Q

Monitoring Radio Frequency

A

Every SRU present at the rescue scene shall monitor the assigned primary radio frequency (normally 282.8 MHz) of the aviation RS at all times, until all personnel including the RS are recovered.

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5
Q

Short-Haul

A

Aircraft should not exceed 40kias, or T/M/S NATOPS restrictions; whichever is lower.

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6
Q

SAR Condition III

A

Main rotor blades may be folded and the aircraft need not be in position for immediate launch; however, it must be parked so as to allow direct access to a suitable launch spot. A tow bar shall be attached to the aircraft and a specific LSE, tractor driver, handling crew, and starting crewman shall be designated and assigned to each helicopter. These personnel must be thoroughly briefed so that when the order is given to launch, the aircraft can be safely and expeditiously moved into position and readied for launch. Flight crews should be briefed for the launch and be stand y by at a designated location.

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7
Q

SAR Curtain

A
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8
Q

Rescue Seat

A

Designed for use in the maritime or overland environment and is primarily used for self-recovery of aviators without the assistance of a RS

Can only be used in the maritime environment with a flotation collar installed

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9
Q

Medevac Litter

A
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10
Q

Minimum Helicopter SAR Equipment

Pneumonic: -1-5 hook/cable damaged -6&6,3x3,2 -Litter Items (3) -GRABS

A
  1. Rescue Hook
  2. Rescue Strop
  3. Quick splice plate
  4. Cable grip
  5. Cable cutter
  6. QSR
  7. Six general purpose and six high intensity chem lights
  8. Three chem light straps
  9. Three crewman safety belts
  10. Three cranial assemblies
  11. Two wool blankets
  12. Trail line assembly
  13. Rescue litter sling assembly
  14. Rescue litter or SAR/MEDEVAC litter assembly
  15. Gloves (hoisting)
  16. Rescue equipment bag
  17. “A” Level medkit
  18. “B” Level medkit (SAR corpsmen only)
  19. SAR medical oxygen system (SAR corpsmen only)
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11
Q

SAR Frequencies

A
  1. 5 - international voice aeronautical and shipboard emergency
  2. 8 - international FM voice distress, emergency
  3. 0 - joint/combined military voice aeronautical emergency and international survival craft
  4. 1 - national aeronautical SAR scene of action
  5. 8 - joint/combined on scene and DF
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12
Q

Rescue Strop

A

Primarily used on nonaviator/civilian survivors, and allows the RS and survivor to be hoisted at the same time

Deploying to a nonaviator survivor without the aid of RS is not recommended and should only be performed when no RS is readily available from a nearby Search and Rescue Unit, and immediate survivor recovery is deemed necessary.

During night/IMC operations the free end of the rescue strop shall be illuminated

The arm retainer straps shall be put around both of the survivor’s arms. The arm retainer straps should ideally go over both of the survivor’s arms, above the elbows, and be cinched down tightly to preclude the survivor’s arms from slipping out.

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13
Q

Rescue Swimmer Deployment

A

The RS shall enter the water and assist the survivor(s) in all cases except when the helicopter aircraft commander (HAC) determines that the circumstances will endanger the RS unnecessarily. Factors to be considered include: sea state, debris in water, sea predator, or fire on the water. RS shall be deployed via the rescue hoist during all night and IMC/low-visibility operations, if any other hazards exist in the vicinity, and/or at the discretion of the HAC

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14
Q

Severed Rescue Hoist Cable

A

It may be possible to fix the problem in flight, and continue to use the rescue hoist. The hoist quick splice plate may be rigged.

Normally, the Lucas Western or Breeze Eastern Rescue hoist will be rendered unusable if the rescue hoist cable is severed utilizing the squib, due its location in the hoist assembly.

A properly rigged quick splice plate will not affect (degrade) rescue hoist weight limitations

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15
Q

LPU-32/P

A

Life preserver assembly consisting of:

yoke assembly, sea-dye marker, whistle, and chemical light. Weights approx. 4lbs and provides a minimum of 40lbs of buoyancy

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16
Q

Helicopter Life Raft Deployment

A

Designed and intended for use by the helicopter crew and passengers in case of helicopter ditching at sea. These life rats are not specifically designed for deployment in SAR scenarios.

Recommended altitude/airspeed for multiplace life raft (MPLR) is 10/10 or 15/0.

SAR duty/plane guard helicopters should consider taking an additional life raft to deploy in SAR situations

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17
Q

Rescue Litter

A

Fully rigged it weighs approximately 40lbs and measures 80 inches long and 16 1/2 inches wide

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18
Q

Rescue/Medical Evacuation Litter Procedures

A

The only rescue device where the use of the trail line assembly is mandatory

Rescue (Stokes Litter) and the SAR MEDEVAC litter are different pieces of equipment

During night/IMC operations the rescue litter shall be illuminated. A chemical light strap will be attached to both the head and foot end of the rescue litter on the same side as the “V” strap. Two chemical lights will be attached to each strap.

Should be the primary recovery device if the survivor is an ejected aviator, or the RS suspects a head, neck, or spinal injury.

May take 10-30 minutes from RS deployment to recovery.

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19
Q

SAR Form 3-50.1/1

A

A rescue report shall be submitted whenever a search or rescue is attempted or accomplished that involves Navy personnel or assets (ie. ships, boats, aircraft, crash trucks, search parties, etc.) Report should be submitted within 7 calendar days of the SAR effort by the reporting custodian or commanding officer of the assets dispatched

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20
Q

Quick Strop Procedures

A

Shall not be deployed to survivors without the RS. The survivors may not know how to properly use it.

The quick strop shall only be used in conjunction with the tri-sar harness for DD recovery of survivors

Placed up into the armpits of the survivor as high as possible; the RS slides the friction keeper as close as possible to the survivor, placing constant pressure to hold it in place.

21
Q

SITREPs

A

Are to be transmitted by the OSC to the SMC upon arrival at the search area, when change occurs, or every 4 hours.

22
Q

SAR Condition II

A

The same conditions apply as for Condition I, except that flight crews shall stand by in the ready rooms or in other such suitable locations.

23
Q

Rescue Seat

A

Used to assist rescue personnel for both and sea operation. The rescue seat is designed to accommodate one or two personnel.

Weighs approximately 18lbs.

24
Q

Smoke Markers

A

MK25: 10-20 minute burn time

Shall not be launched while in a hover because of valve plug possibly striking aircraft or personnel

MK58: >45 minute burn time

MK79: Pencil-type launcher and cartridge flares 4 1/2 second minimum burn time Propelled upward 250-650ft

MK124: Carried in life vest and on life rafts Double sided - flare (night/red) and smoke (day/orange) Flare is identified via two raised bead circles

25
Q

Direct Deployment Procedures

A

DD procedure was developed as a tool for use in extreme situations, such as: rescues in surf zone, heavy seas, high winds, moving (swift) water, ice, etc. Shall only be used when the crew has determined that it is the safest method of recovery. The decision to us DD on a survivor with a known or suspected head, neck, spinal, or other severe injury should only be exercised when the use of traditional survivor recovery procedures would place the lives of the RS and/or survivor at greater risk Should not be used on aviators who have ejected from aircraft, and shall not be used on aviators still entangled in a parachute “direct deployment” always refers to the RS wearing a TSH in conjunction with QS assembly Swimmer should be placed no further than 2-3 feet from the survivor

26
Q

Level “A” SAR Medkit

A

Designed for all units that maintain SAR capable helicopters Level “B” for those units that may use SAR corpsmen

27
Q

Collapsible Rescue Basket (McCauley Basket)

A

Designed for use in helicopters that do not routinely employ a RS as part of the crew

28
Q

Rescue Hoist Failure During a Rescue

A

If personnel are attached to the rescue hoist at the time of the failure, the PAC should lower the helicopter until the personnel are in the water and can safely unhook from the rescue hoist.

If lowering the personnel into the water is too hazardous to the personnel on the rescue hoist, the PAC should, at a minimum, lower the helicopter until the personnel are at a reasonable altitude should the rescue hoist cable break

29
Q

Requirements for HSM35 to launch an aircraft on civilian SAR or MEDEVAC missions

A

Authority to launch must come from the CO or XO (in absence of CO) or Detachment OIC (if at sea).

  1. Mission assignment from the appropriate Rescue Coordination Center or Rescue Sub Center
  2. A GENUINE threat to life exists, and no other mode of transport or assistance is readily available
  3. Operations in mountainous areas must be day/visual flight rules
30
Q

IAMSAR

A

International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual

31
Q

Additional SAR Equipment Overwater

A
  1. Two MK58 smoke flares
  2. Four MK25 smoke flares
  3. Three electrical marine marker lights
  4. One datum marking device
  5. Three LPU32 life preservers
  6. One MPLR weak link per MPLR carried

A total of six (6) MK58 flares may be substituted for items 1 and 2

32
Q

NATOPS SAR Warnings

A

Helicopters create static electricity that must be discharged by grounding the hoist on the surface prior to commencing a pickup. The surface in the immediate vicinity of a crash site may be covered with fuel. Avoid discharging static charge or deploying smoke markers in that zone.

If a parachute remains in the area of the survivor, maintain a minimum of 1 rotor diameter separation between parachute canopy and rotor downwash.

The rescue hoist cable must be kept clear of all parts of the aircraft and free from other external obstacles when operating the hoist. Cable abrasion during hoist operations can lead to cable failure. If cable contact or snagging occurs, suspend hoist operations and inspect the cable for damage in accordance with applicable procedures.

Swimmer shall not be required to enter the water to effect the recovery of inanimate objects.

There shall be a hoist operator in the cabin if a swimmer is deployed.

Personnel hoist shall not be attempted with a damaged hoist cable.

The hoist operator shall wear a heavy-duty glove during all rescue hoist operations.

Any time the cabin door is open during flight, all occupants of the cabin shall wear crewman’s safety harness or remain strapped in a seat. The crewman’s safety harness shall be thoroughly checked for secure attachment to the airframe.

The red phosphorus composition in the Mk 25/Mk 58 produces smoke, which is highly caustic to the moist tissues of the nose and throat. Do not breathe this smoke.

The Mk 25 shall not be launched while in hover because of valve plug possibly striking aircraft or personnel.

While operating in a salt spray environment for any period of time, a TGT rise of 20 °C or more for constant torque is an indication of engine performance degradation and possible salt encrustation. A TGT rise of greater than 40 °C for a constant torque is an indication of engine performance degradation that may result in compressor stalls.

Removal of the marker pull ring from the Mk 58 exposes the battery cavity. Entrance of seawater in this cavity will immediately activate the marker. This ring shall not be removed until launching is to be accomplished.

Search and hover altitudes should be determined by existing conditions. Recommended altitude for hovering is 70 feet. Prolonged low overwater hover with little or no headwind shall be avoided due to engine salt ingestion.

If a lost ICS situation occurs during a SAR evolution, the copilot shall be notified and advisory hand signals/CREW HVR used as discussed in the SAR mission specific briefing.

After the tear strip is removed from the Mk 58, use care to avoid cutting hands on the sharp edges of the can.

Aircraft should not fly at low altitude over a burning Mk 58 marker. Ignition of the second candle can be forceful, with flame occasionally ejecting up to 50 feet.

33
Q

SAR Condition IV

A

This is similar to Condition III except that minor maintenance may be performed on the aircraft if no delay in launch is involved.

34
Q

Double Lift

A

An expedient alternative to the rescue/MEDEVAC litter when recovering hypothermic or potentially hypothermic survivors.

35
Q

Search Unit Reports

A

Ten to twenty minutes prior to arrival at the search area, the SRU reports to the OSC; including: callsign, estimated time of arrival on scene, on-scene communications capability, planned search speed and on-scene endurance. Helicopters make “ops normal” calls at 15 minute intervals.

36
Q

Weather Mins for SAR

A

300 / 1

37
Q

SAR Condition I

A

The aircraft shall be spotted for immediate launch. It shall be headed into the relative wind with rotor blades spread, starting equipment plugged in, and a landing signal enlisted (LSE), starting crewman, place captain, and required plane handlers standing by. Unless otherwise directed, at least four tie-downs shall be attached to the aircraft. The flight crew shall be ready for launch in all respects, with all personal equipment attached and adjusted as in flight. When the air officer passes the word to stand by to launch the Condition I helicopter(s), engines shall be started without further instructions; however, rotor engagement and launch shall be positively controlled by the tower.

38
Q

Jammed Rescue Hoist Procedures

A
  1. Hoist Operator (HO) attaches the waist belt portion of the crewman’s safety belt over the boom/support of the rescue hoist
  2. The HO attaches the shackle of the cable grip to the snap hook of the crewman’s safety belt strap.
  3. The crewman connects the cable grip to the hoisting cable by placing the cable between the jaws of the grip, shackle end up.
  4. The HO pulls the safety strap to shorten it until slack is visible in the rescue hoist cable, which relieves tension on the rescue hoist drum and brake assembly. During transit, it is recommended that the personnel on the rescue hoist be no higher than 30ft AGL and airspeed be no faster than safe single engine airspeed.
39
Q

Multiple Rescue Decision

A

The crew should consider either recovery or short-hauling the RS between multiple survivors if the following conditions exist:

  1. A sea state of greater than 2
  2. Night / IMC
  3. More than 25 yards between the survivors
40
Q

Difference between DD and tradition RS deployment

A

The RS never unhooks from the rescue hook during the entire rescue evolution during direct deployment

41
Q

Search Execution

A

The SMC and OSC shall designate the search area for the individual units, shall assign search altitude, search pattern, and tack spacing, and will detail communication procedures.

42
Q

On-Scene Commander

A

Shall be designated by the SMC. Generally, the first search unit to arrive on scene or the unit with the best capability is designated OSC.

43
Q

TRI-SAR Harness

A

Security of a full body harness with the comfort of a seat harness

Minimum buoyancy of 35lbs

Provides a quick and safe means of hoisting uninjured personnel

44
Q

Helicopter to Ship Personnel Transfer

A

Use of the trail line in such situations will greatly increase the safety of ship-to-helicopter transfers while lessening the pilot workload.

Helicopter makes an approach across the vessel’s deck, normally from starboard to port, dragging the weighted trail line into the grasp of deck personnel. The helicopter can then hover close aboard but clear of obstacles.

Helicopter shall hover at least twice as high as its horizontal distance from the vessel.

45
Q

Chemical Lights

A

Shelf life is 4 years when left in an undamaged foil wrapper

4inch = 6 hours

6inch = 12 hours

High intensity yellow = 30minutes

46
Q

SAR Mission Coordinator

A

While the SAR coordinator generally designates the search and rescue mission coordinator (SMC) for the specific SAR mission, the case of a military search the officer in tactical command (OCT) or unit designated by the OTC shall assume the duties of SAR mission coordinator.

47
Q

Rescue/Recovery Methods

A
  1. Landing to effect a rescue
  2. Rescue via one skid/wheel (requires operational necessity)
  3. Rescue via hoist
  4. Rappelling, short haul
  5. Direct deployment
48
Q

Cable Grip

A

Capable of supporting 1,000lbs

Helicopter Aircraft Commander (12 decks)

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