Saprophytic Molds

Question 1

considered clinical contaminants

Answer 1

saprophytic molds

Question 2

dematiaceous

Answer 2

darkly pigmented on top and bottom

Question 3

what species do you need to be careful working with because spores will fly everywhere and contaminant surfaces

Answer 3

aspergillus species

Question 4

all aspergillus species have what hyphae

Answer 4

septate

Question 5

3 characteristics of aspergillus species

Answer 5

1. Very long conidiophores that arise off of septate hyphae
2. Conidiophores will open up into what is called a vesicle
3. Coming off the vesicle is a secondary supporting structure known as phialide; off these will come the conidia

Question 6

what else may be present at bottom of aspergillus?

Answer 6

foot cell

Question 7

what is a foot cell

Answer 7

point where the conidiophore attached to the hyphae

Question 8

what is most common aspergillus?

Answer 8

fumigatus

Question 9

what is seen on bread, fruits, in the air, in soil, and very commonly seen in nature?

Answer 9

Aspergillus fumigatus

-everyone is exposed to this
-can also be very invasive

Question 10

how is Aspergillus fumigatus differentiated from other ones in the species?

Answer 10

fumigatus can grow at 42 degrees

-greenish

Question 11

describe Aspergillus fumigatus phialides?

Answer 11

covering upper 2/3 of vesicles and pointing in upward fashion

Question 12

Aspergillus niger color

Answer 12

black but not dematiaceous because bottom is white

Question 13

describe Aspergillus niger philades

Answer 13

all the way around the vesicles

conidia are darkly pigmented

Question 14

Aspergillus flavus infection

Answer 14

causes pulmonary infections locally and systemic

can produce aflatoxins and is deadly if ingested in large amounts

-common contaminant so be careful eating food

Question 15

Aspergillus flavus color

Answer 15

top= yellow, green, or browish

reverse= yellowish to brown-red

Question 16

describe Aspergillus flavus phialides

Answer 16

seen over entire vesicles and point in all directions; not darkly pigmented

Question 17

what species is linked to endocarditis following surgical implants of valved

Answer 17

penicillium species

Question 18

what is penicillium confused with

Answer 18

aspergillus due to they look like them macroscopically

Question 19

penicillium can’t grow above what temp

Answer 19

35 degrees

Question 20

penicillium hyphae type and micro description

Answer 20

septate hyphae
-no presence of a vesicle

long chains of conidia and phialides (skeleton fingers)

Question 21

cause of infection in well known contact lens brand

Answer 21

fusarium

infections with cornea

Question 22

fusarium is linked to food borne illness because

Answer 22

produce a number of toxins with ingesting food contaminated with this

Question 23

micro description of fusarium

Answer 23

septate hyphae

2 forms on conidia- both macro and micro form

BANANA shape

Question 24

dematiaceous means

Answer 24

darkly pigmented on top and bottom when growing

and microscopically dark

Question 25

clinical contaminant in moist area; showers and sinks

Answer 25

Alternaria -BLACK colored

Question 26

what causes phaeohyphomycosis

Answer 26

alternaria -this infection caused by saprophytic or dematiaceous mold

Question 27

Alternaria microscopically

Answer 27

septate hyphae as gets older has alternating cross walls- why it has its name conidia looks like chicken drumsticks !! darkly

Question 28

names because of curved or boomerang shaped conidia- darkly pigmented

Answer 28

Curvularia

Question 29

what color is Curvularia

Answer 29

darkly olive-green to black septate hyphae

Question 30

produces several toxins that infect both humans and animals

Answer 30

stachybotrys

Question 31

Stachybotrys can penetrate

Answer 31

and live well in wood, paper, cardboard, and dry wall -after they are damp

Question 32

what illness does Stachybotrys cause

Answer 32

"sick building syndrome" -people can have severe allergic reactions to toxins and organism when exposed

Question 33

when people have reaction to Stachybotrys what can happen

Answer 33

pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 34

Stachybotrys microscopically

Answer 34

septate hyphae long conidiospores

Question 35

treatment for zygomycetes

Answer 35

remove infected body parts which may or not be possible

Question 36

main characteristics of zygomycetes

Answer 36

1. All produce aseptate hyphae 2. Produce spongiospores contained in a sac called sporangium 3. Sporangium sits on top of a sporangiophore 4. Usually identified by position of their rhizoids or lack of rhizoids

Question 37

most common zygomycetes

Answer 37

rhizopus -black bread mold

Question 38

rhizopus is inhibited by what agar

Answer 38

cycloheximide

Question 39

what temp can rhizopus grow at

Answer 39

54-58 degrees

Question 40

how to ID rhizopus

Answer 40

rhizoids are nodal -arise where sporangiophores come off hyphae

Question 41

rhizoids are internodal

Answer 41

lichtheimia

Question 42

ID by lack of rhizoids

Answer 42

mucor -most deadly