Sandflies + leishmaniasis Flashcards
Old world sand flies
Phlebotomus
New world sand flies
Lutzomyia
What are the leishmania species for visceral leishmaniasis?
L. donovani in Indian sub continent + E. Africa
L. infantum/ L. chagasi in Mediterranean and South America
Leishmaniasis species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis?
~10 species, mainly L. major. L. braziliensis for muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis
Infective stage of Leishmania to humans
Metacyclic promastigotes
What do metacyclic promastigotes invade?
Macrophages
Area primarily infected in cutaneous leishmania patients
Skin and submucosa resulting in ulcerations
Pathology of visceral leishmaniasis
Death of phagocytes cause spleen and bone marrow to undergo increased phagocyte production
Results in anaemia
Weight loss
Hepato/splenomegaly
How would you diagnose visceral leishmaniasis?
Splenic aspirates
Serology
How would you diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Biopsy of ulcer with PCR.
How would you treat VL?
Antimonials such as Miltefosine
Control of leishmania
Diagnosis and treatment
IRS
Controlling rodent reservoirs
Sandflies are vectors of?
3 things
Leishmania
Bartonellosis
Chandipura virus
Male and female sandflies take blood meals true or false?
False
Only females blood feed
Sandflies become infected with leishmania when they ingest _____________.
Amastigotes
How do promastigotes get into a human host?
Blood feed.
Clog sandfly oesophagus and pharynx which causes sandfly to constantly unblock obstruction
Promastigotes enter host
Also crushing insect
Traps used to control sandflies
Sticky traps
CDC light traps
Shannon traps
Disney trap
Sandfly control methods include?
Traps Insecticide spraying Insect repellents Protective clothing Integrated control
How do you differentiate between male and female sandflies?
Male has external claspers at end of abdomen, females have short, rounded abdomen
How do you differentiate sandfly larvae?
Well defined black head. Head and body segments have thick bristles and last segment has a long caudal bristles.
