PK/PD

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

What the body does to a drug.

Question 2

Order of PK in drug administered by i.v bolus

Answer 2

1. Distribution, 2. Metabolism, 3. Excretion

Question 3

Order of PK in per os (p.o) administration

Answer 3

LADME (1. Liberation, 2. Absorption, 3. Distribution, 4. Metabolism, 5. Excretion)

Question 4

In non-compartmental analysis t(max) is…

Answer 4

Time to max conc

Question 5

In non-compartmental analysis C(max) is…

Answer 5

Max conc

Question 6

AUC

Answer 6

Area under the (concentrion-time) curve

Question 7

MEC

Answer 7

Minimal effective conc

Question 8

MTC

Answer 8

Max therapeutic conc

Question 9

TI

Answer 9

Therapeutic index - MTC/MEC

Question 10

Define bioavailability

Answer 10

Fraction of an administered dose of unchanged (not metabolised) drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

Question 11

Factors influencing PK parameter

Answer 11

Liberation, absortion, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 12

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 12

What the drug does to the body.

Question 13

Factors influencing PD parameters

Answer 13

Mutation at target site, Co-medication

Question 14

PK describes…

Answer 14

Concentration-time profile of a drug

Question 15

PD describes…

Answer 15

Concentration-effect profile of a drug

Question 16

For PK/PD modelling malaria need to know…

Answer 16

1. Initial parasite number (P), 2. Parasite growth rate (a), 3. Effect of patient immunity f(I), 4. Effect of drug f(C)

Question 17

Parasite PD variation

Answer 17

Max effect (kill rate) V(max); Half max inhibitory effect IC(50); Slope (n)

Question 18

Parasite PK variation

Answer 18

Absorption rate; V of distribution; Clearance rate

Question 19

Hysteresis of plasma drug conc vs response (clockwise and anticlockwise)

Answer 19

C: Rapid tolerance against drug arises
A: Drug has to be distributed to its site of action